晋西苹果-大豆间作土壤水分的时空分布特征  

Spatio-temporal Distribution of Soil Moisture in Apple-Soybean Intercropping System on Loess Plateau of West Shanxi Province

作　　者：高路博[1,2] 毕华兴[1] 许华森[1] 廖文超[1] 潘迪[1] 次仁曲西[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京市水利规划设计研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2014年第6期327-331,337,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"果农间作系统林下太阳辐射时空分布及其对间作作物的影响"(31470638);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD38B02)

摘　　要：选取晋西黄土区典型的苹果(Malus pumila)—大豆(Glycine max)间作系统为研究对象,在大豆的关键物候期对间作系统和对照单作的土壤水分、大豆生长状况和产量进行了定位监测。研究结果表明:(1)不同物候期,间作系统土壤平均含水量变化显著,苹果树和大豆对土壤水分竞争的空间区域和强度也有明显差异,土壤水分耗用最大的时期为大豆开花期;(2)水平方向上,各个物候期间作系统土壤含水量均随着与树行距离的增加而增加,最低值出现在距离果树行最近的区域;(3)垂直方向上,在大豆的苗期和结荚期间作系统土壤含水量随土壤深度的增加而递增,在开花期,土壤含水量随着土壤深度的增加出现先减小后增加的趋势;(4)当前树龄下,苹果—大豆间作系统的水分效应相对于大豆单作,整体表现为负效应,并对间作大豆的生物量和产量有着一定的负面影响。基于苹果—大豆间作系统土壤水分在不同物候期的分布特征,建议采取适当的管理措施以缓解种间水分竞争并提高大豆的产量。By taking apple--soybean intercropping system on the loess region of West Shanxi Prov- ince as the research object, the soil moisture content, biomass and yield of soybean were tested at different key phenophases. The results indicated that： （1） The soil moisture of apple-soybean intercropping system changed significantly in different phenophases, and the maximum consumption period for soil moisture was the flowering period of soybean. In different phenophases, the main competitive area and the degree of com- petition for soil moisture between apple trees and soybean were significantly different; （2） In horizontal di- rection, the soil moisture content increased with increase of the distance from the tree base, and the lowest soil moisture content was the area adjacent to the tree base; （3） In vertical direction, the soil moisture in- creased with the increase of soil depth in both of the intercropping system and soybean monoculture plots at soybean seedling stage and bearing pod stage. In the flowering stage of soybean, with the increase of soil depth, soil moisture decreased at first and then increased with the increase of depth; （4） Compared with monoculture plots, an overall negative soil moisture effect appeared in apple soybean intercropping system and resulted in the loss of soybean production. Due to the soil water distribution in different phenological periods of apple-soybean system, the authors recommended that the appropriate regulation and management measures should be taken to alleviate interspecific competition for moisture and to improve soybean yields.

关 键 词：苹果-大豆间作 土壤水分效应 时空分布 晋西黄土区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]