2种施肥模式对次生盐渍化温室土壤及蔬菜养分含量的影响  

Effects of Two Fertilization Patterns on the Soil Secondary Salinization and Vegetable Nutrient Content in the Greenhouse

作　　者：郇恒福[1,2] 周健民[2] 段增强[2] 王火焰[2] 高艳芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室&农业部木薯种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南儋州571737 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2014年第4期339-347,共9页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(30230250);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX3-SW-439);现代农业人才支撑计划项目;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(1630032014029)

摘　　要：通过大田试验,研究了2种施肥模式对次生盐渍化温室土壤、蔬菜养分的影响。结果表明,测土施肥(STFP)能平衡土壤养分,而传统施肥(TFP)土壤中已严重累积的硫和磷的含量继续增加,养分不平衡的状况更趋严重。TFP芹菜的地上部含氮量明显高于其他处理,而各处理蔬菜地下部的含氮量无显著差异(P>0.05);各处理的不结球白菜的含磷量差异显著(P<0.05),TFP的最高,STFP的最低,而芹菜的无显著差异;STFP蔬菜的地下部含钾量均显著高于对照(P<0.05),而3处理间蔬菜的地上部含钾量差异不显著(P>0.05);3处理均未影响蔬菜钙镁的含量,也未影响2种蔬菜地上部硫的含量,而STFP不结球白的地下部含硫量明显高于其他处理;STFP的蔬菜产量高于其他处理,其他处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果说明,TFP的钾含量相对偏低,其他大中量元素含量均能满足蔬菜生长的需要,并且磷、硫含量过高;而STFP能根据温室土壤养分与平衡状况,通过降低磷、硫的施用,增加钾的施用来不断调整施肥组成,能有效遏制温室土壤次生盐渍化的发生与发展,改善温室土壤的蔬菜生长环境并能提高蔬菜产量,是一种优良的调控与持续利用次生盐渍化温室土壤的措施。Recently,soil secondary salinization has seriously restricted the development of the greenhouse agricultural industry,and most of the salt ions in the greenhouse soil were nutrient ions. Rational fertilization and the scientific control of the nutrients should be done to reduce the greenhouse soil secondary salinization. Two fertilization patterns,traditional fertilization and soil test based fertilization,were used in the green house to apply fertilizer to the vegetables,Brassica（ Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino） and celery（ Apium graveolens L.）,and the nutrient content of soil and vegetables in the greenhouse were determined. The result showed that soil test based fertilization pattern（ STFP） could balance the soil nutrients,while the traditional fertilization pattern（ TFP） increased continuously the soil content of the phosphorous and sulfur which had been accumulated,worsening the imbalance of soil nutrients. The TFP celery had significantly higher nitrogen content in the aboveground part than the other treatments,while the nitrogen content of the under-ground part of the vegetables was not significantly different（ P 〈 0. 05） among the treatments; phosphorous content was significantly different in Brassica among the treatments,the highest in the TFP treatment and the lowest in the STFP,while it was not significantly different in celery among the treatments; the STFP treated vegetables had higher potassium content in the underground part than the control,while the potassium content was not significantly different in the vegetables above the ground among the treatments; all the three treatments did not affect the Ca and Mg content of the vegetables as well as the sulfur content of the vegetables above the ground,while the STFP treatment gave a higher sulfur content of Brassica under the ground than the other treatments; the vegetables yielded higher in the STFP treatment than in the other treatments,and there was no significant difference between other treatments（ P 〉 0. 0

关 键 词：次生盐渍化 温室土壤 测土施肥 传统施肥 蔬菜产量 养分含量 

分 类 号：S274.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]