重度到极重度语后聋成年患者心理健康状态分析  

Mental characteristic of 52 cases of severe post-linguistic hearing loss adults

作　　者：亓贝尔[1,2,3] 李晓芳[2,3,4] 高文斌[2,3] 刘博[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,耳鼻咽喉头颈科学教育部重点实验室(首都医科大学),北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所,北京100730 [2]中国科学院心理研究所 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100101 [4]北京春光语言培训学校,北京100036

出　　处：《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》2014年第11期565-570,共6页Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(81200753);国家自然科学基金面上项目(81371103);北京市自然科学基金预探索项目(7123210)联合资助

摘　　要：目的评价重度到极重度语后聋成年患者的心理健康水平,探讨该群体可能广泛存在的心理症状。方法采用自陈测试的评估方法,利用90项症状清单(symptom check list 90,SCL-90)、焦虑自评量(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rat ing depression scale,SDS)和交流恐惧自陈量表(personal repor t of communication apprehension,PRCA-24)对52例重度到极重度语后聋成年患者的心理健康水平进行评价。结果SCL-90测评结果显示语后聋患者存在多种心理症状,其中"强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执和精神病性"八个因子分显著高于国内常模(P <0.01)。 SAS和SDS测评结果显示语后聋患者普遍存在负性情绪体验,其中46.15%(24/52)的报告存在焦虑体验,34.61%(18/52)的测试报告存在抑郁体验。PRCA-24测评结果显示语后聋患者存在明显交流恐惧(P <0.01),检出中度以上交流恐惧45例(86.54%),并且随着交流人数的增加交流恐惧程度明显加剧,公众交流场合最易导致耳聋者产生恐惧情绪。结论语后聋成年患者普遍存在"人际敏感、焦虑、抑郁、交流恐惧"等多种心理症状,听力障碍对耳聋者身心健康造成的负面影响不容忽视,关心和维护耳聋群体的心理健康,减少或避免心理危机的发生和发展具有一定的现实意义。OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mental health level of the post-linguistic hearing loss adult. METHODS The Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）, Self- Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Personal Report of Communication Apprehension （PRCA-24） were used to measure the mental health degree of 52 post-linguistic hearing loss adults. RESULTS There was significant difference between post-linguistic and normal hearing people in eight terror factors of SCL-90 （P〈0.01）, including obsessive-compulsive, social relation, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, crankiness and psychosis. The respective mean score of SAS and SDS was 63.65 and 0.583. The number of abnormal SAS result was 24 （46.15%） and abnormal result SDS was 18 （34.61%）. The respective mean score of PRCA-24 was 75.28, it was significant higher than norm （P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION The mental health of the post-linguistic hearing loss adult was worse than the normal people, especially in aspects of anxiety, depression, social relation and communication apprehension. It was necessary to pay more attention on mental health of them and to provide effective counseling to them.

关 键 词：聋 成年人 心理现象和过程 交流障碍 

分 类 号：R764.43[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]