南方砂梨返花过程中内源激素含量变化及其与秋季返花的关系  

Variation of Endogenous Hormone of Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai in South China during Returning Bloom and Its Relationship with Returning Bloom

作　　者：钟必凤[1] 张全军[1] 李文贵[1] 张微慧[2] 邓家林[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所/农业部西南地区园艺作物生物学及种质创制重点实验室,成都610066 [2]仁寿县农业局,四川仁寿620500

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2014年第12期2453-2458,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家梨产业技术体系建设项目(NYCYTX29-37);四川省财政育种工程2012年度青年基金项目(2012QNJJ-011)

摘　　要：为探讨花芽内源激素含量变化与返花的关系,以砂梨品种‘丰水’、‘翠冠’为材料,研究了砂梨采果后返花过程中花芽内源激素(IAA、GA3、ABA)含量变化,以及早期落叶和秋季返花特征。结果表明:(1)在采果后至返花过程中,两个品种梨花芽中内源激素IAA和GA3含量都呈逐渐缓慢下降趋势;花芽ABA含量的动态变化成升-降-升的"S"曲线。(2)花芽返花受3种激素的动态平衡控制,花芽IAA/ABA、GA3/ABA和(IAA+GA3)/ABA值变化趋势均呈相似的"S"形曲线,IAA/ABA、GA3/ABA和(IAA+GA3)/ABA值增加,花芽返花;比值降低,花芽逐渐步入休眠期。(3)砂梨的落叶率与返花率呈极显著正相关关系,花芽中IAA/ABA比值与砂梨落叶率和返花率相关系数分别为0.805、0.774,相关性均达到显著水平。研究认为,梨返花与早期落叶密切相关,受花芽内源激素IAA、GA3、ABA动态平衡控制;早期落叶降低了花芽中ABA的含量,从而使花芽内生长促进型激素占主导地位,阻止自然休眠的花芽进入休眠或促使进入浅休眠部分花芽解除休眠,所以出现秋季返花现象。Based on a comprehensive survey of endogenous hormone in floral bud and characteristics of early defoliation during returning bloom, we indicated that ： （1） The IAA and GA3 in floral bud decreased after fruit harvest,while ABA showed up-down-up ＂S＂ curve. （2）Returning bloom of floral bud was controlled by the dynamic balance of the hormone. The rates of IAA/ABA, GA3/ABA and （IAA ＋ GAa）/ABA showed up-down-up ＂S＂ curve after fruit harvest. The floral bud returned bloom, when IAA/ABA,GAa/ ABA and（IAA＋GA3 ）/ABA rate increased,while floral bud went into dormancy when the rate decreased. （3） The analysis of coefficients showed that the related coefficients for IAA/ABA rate and early defoliation rate,returning bloom rate in cv. Hosui were 0. 805 and 0. 774,respectively at the 5% significant levei. The decreased of ABA in floral bud due to the early defoliation of ＇ Hosui＇ made the rate of endogenous hormone changes, which prevented the onset of dormancy of deciduous fruit trees with dormant nature and promoted the next growth cycle to commence,so the floral bud returned flower.

关 键 词：砂梨 内源激素 返花 早期落叶 

分 类 号：Q945.6[生物学—植物学]