中国现代语法学“句本位”文法代表“黎氏文法”——纪念劭西师《新著国语文法》出版九十年  

‘Sentence-oriented Grammar':LI Jin-xis' Grammar Model in modern Chinese grammatics

作　　者：孙良明[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学古籍整理研究所,济南250014

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第1期71-82,共12页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：黎氏文法《新著国语文法》定名为"句本位",其特点是:文法研究以句子为坐标,先理会宏纲句子,再分析细目词类。其方法是:广集实证"例不十,不立法";"论理的"次序、"文学的"次序结合分析;"活的文法"活看不拘泥。其内容是:建立"造句法"基本规律、确定句法结构六成分,从"造句"讲到"用词",拿"句法"控制"词类",立名词"七位",定动词"散动","论理的"次序,"文学的"次序结合观察与实践分析,句法结构内含语义关系分析,词法句法内容章次编排革新,并分析展示"图解法"。黎氏文法对从《马氏文通》到《新著》之前的中国语法研究诸书进行了继承、发展和革新,是中国语法学史上"句本位"体系的代表。LI J in-xis＇ grammar,as represented in his New Chinese Grammar, is ＇ sentence-oriented＇ for its characteristic of setting sentence as the point of departure to go into details into word classes. The methodology is like this：first, to collect as many instances as possible, that is, no grammatical rule would be realized with less than ten examples of like type;second, to analyze sentences in terms of both ＂logico-semantic＂content and ＂idiomatic＂expression; third, to work out grammar in its context of use. The main ideas are as follows： to construct the fundamental laws of ＂sentence-making grammar＂ ＇ to specify the six elements of synaptic structures; to proceed from ＂sentence construction＇to ＂word use＂; to observe ＂word class＂against ＂syntax＂ ; to single out ＂seven positions＇of noun,to decide non-predicate verbs, to observe and practice ＂logico-semantic＇order as well as ＂idiomatic＇order,to have semantic relation analysis within sentence structure, to innovate in chapter organization,and illustrate the ＂diagrammatic way of sentence analysis＂. LIs＇ grammar is a succession, development and innovation from Mas＇ Grammar and those in between and works out a way of its own as the ＂sentence-oriented＇grammar, being hence representative of all those of the same kind.

关 键 词：新著国语文法 黎锦熙 黎氏文法 句本位 现代语法学 

分 类 号：H1[语言文字—汉语]