农业劳动生产率提高的国际经验与中国的选择  

International Experience to Improve Agricultural Productivity and China's Choice

作　　者：高帆[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2015年第1期116-124,共9页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(项目批准号:12CJL039);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(项目批准号:NCET-11-0105);教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目(项目批准号:10JHQ024);上海市哲学社会科学规划项目(项目批准号:2012FJL001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：农业劳动生产率取决于土地—劳动比率、土地生产率和产值转化率。20世纪60年代以来,农业发展的美国模式和日本模式逐步趋同:围绕土地—劳动比率,美日均以家庭为基本经营单位,单个劳动者使用的耕地面积均不断提高;围绕土地生产率,美日农业的技术进步均出现了向高生物化、高机械化的逼近,"劳动替代型"和"土地替代型"的差异不断缩小;围绕产值转化率,美日农业均具有多样化特征,农业支持力度趋于降低,且支持方式均降低了对市场的扭曲。上述趋同是劳动和土地相对价格变动、居民消费结构转变、市场化和全球化发展等因素作用的结果。中国农业发展难以走出"第三条道路",劳动生产率的提高路径必将向美日的趋同方向靠拢。土地—劳动比率、土地生产率、产值转化率在更高层面的组合是中国农业劳动生产率提高的根本出路。Agricultural labor productivity depends on the land-labor ratio,land productivity and the output conversion rate. Since the 1960 s,the American model of agricultural development became gradually convergence of the Japanese model. First,in the aspect of land-labor ratio,they both view family as the basic operating unit and arable land used by individual workers are constantly improving. Second,in the two countries,technological advances in agriculture have both been to the high biological,high mechanization,and the difference is shrinking between ＂labor alternative＂and ＂land alternative. ＂Third,about the output conversion rate,the United States and Japan are both diversification,and agricultural support tends to reduce the distortion of the market. The above convergences are based on the labor and land relative price changes,the residents＇ consumption structure develops,the development of marketization and globalization,etc. It＇s difficult for China＇agricultural development to get out a ＂third way. ＂The way to improve labor productivity will move closer to the convergence direction of the United States and Japan. The combination of landlabor ratio,land productivity,output conversion rate at a higher level is the fundamental way for China＇s agriculture.

关 键 词：农业劳动生产率 美日模式 土地—劳动比率 产值转化率 

分 类 号：F323.5[经济管理—产业经济]