基于产品卖方市场的劳工标准移植研究  

Research on Transplant of Labor Standards Based on Sellers-led Market

作　　者：史晋川[1] 李贤祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第1期154-167,共14页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：市场竞争促使越来越多发展中国家企业成为劳工认证供应链的一部分。劳工标准借助于贸易平台移植到中国,对中国劳工条件甚至劳工法律制度都产生一定影响,但对现实情况的分析发现其影响还处于初级阶段。基于产品卖方主导型市场结构,采用信号模型研究中国劳工标准移植的微观机理时发现,供应商的劳工标准趋于最低要求水平是供应商借助卖方市场势力帕累托改进的结果;当公司类型的概率分布函数为凹函数时,劳工标准会收敛到最低点均衡,而非高于最低点。发展中国家处于卖方主导型市场的企业要利用劳工标准移植契机,内在提高劳工条件,让劳工信号带动产品质量提高,为更多采购商和消费者接受,以获得更大的市场势力。Sweatshops in developing countries have been highly condemned by consumers from developed countries.Corporate social responsibility movement and competition in the market have prompted more and more companies in developing countries to become a part of the labor certification of the supply chain.Since Labor standards which have been transplanted by means of trading platforms have had some impacts on the Chinese labor conditions and labor legal systems,the field investigation found that the impacts were still at the early stage.As buyers and sellers can not agree on product-related information under asymmetry information,labor standard is like a signal, which can determine the share and efficiency of both transactions through its transmission and screening.Based on the sellers-led market structure,this paper uses signal model to analyze situation of labor standards transplant in China.The study indicates that：（1）The level of suppliers＇labor standards tends to be minimum due to the results of Pareto improvement by the suppliers with their market forces;suppliers（or manufacturers）must bearthe cost of signals while transmitting them,so there will be distribution of resources distorted compared to the original configuration.And as the recipients of signals,buyers screen signals on different posterior probability,and offer different prices according to recognition of the signals and form a self-confirmed multiple equilibrium.Rational suppliers who maximize individuals income under seller-led market structure adjust the equilibrium price signals to achieve Pareto optimality through the market mechanism step by step,thus showing a lower labor standard.Finally it leads to a fully-confirmed equilibrium,which is also more stable one.（2）If the distribution function of the companies types is sufficiently concave,labor standards will converge to the lowest point of equilibrium,not higher than the lowest one.When there are more companies with lower ability,pooling equilibrium of minimum standard will be produced

关 键 词：卖方市场 劳工标准 信号模型 最低标准 帕累托最优 混同均衡 数值模拟 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F224[经济管理—国民经济]