2012-2013年上海市普陀区流感病原学分析  

Etiological analysis on surveillance data of influenza in Putuo district in Shanghai, 2012-2013

作　　者：李芳[1] 唐海丰[1] 李晓君[1] 李勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市普陀区疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科,上海200333

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第4期732-734,750,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解上海市普陀区流行性感冒流行病学特征,评价流感检测方法并为流感防控提供科学依据。方法对2012年1月至2013年12月上海市普陀区流感监测哨点医院流感样病例（Influent Like Illness,ILI）采集鼻咽拭子,采用实时荧光定量PCR对鼻咽拭子进行核酸检测,流感病毒核酸检测阳性标本采用MDCK细胞进行分离培养,对分离到的毒株采用血凝抑制试验（HI）进行型别和亚型鉴定。结果 2012年1月至2013年12月共采集流感样病例鼻咽拭子1 707例,其中流感病毒核酸检测阳性449例,总检出率26.30%,其中BV（B型Victoria系）、BY（B型Yamagata系）、甲型H3、甲型H1N1分别占总检出率的25.84%、6.68%、66.37%、7.31%。上海市普陀区流感流行高峰期为冬季和春季,不同年龄组之间流感病毒分离阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=17.252,P〈0.001）,5岁~年龄组流感病毒分离阳性率最高;男性和女性对流感病毒的易感程度差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.215,P=0.643）;B型流感病毒在MDCK细胞上的分离培养敏感性最好。结论流感监测工作应重点关注季节性H3和甲型H1N1流行时,加强流感病毒监测防控;5岁~年龄组流感病毒分离阳性率最高,应特别加强中小学学校暴发监测;流感病毒不同型别在MDCK细胞培养中的敏感性有待进一步探索。Objective This study aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Putuo District, Shanghai, and to evaluate influenza detection methods so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods From January 2012 to December 2013, nasal swabs were collected from patients with influenza-like illness in a sentinel surveillance hospital-Putuo District Hospital. RT-PCR were conducted to detect influenza nucleic acid detection, and the positive specimens were incubated with MDCK cells to culture and isolate virus for typing by hemagglutination test. Results A total of 1,707 nasal swabs were collected from January 2012 to December 2013, of which 449 were influenza positive, with a detection rate of 26.30%. The rate of B/V subtype, B/Y subtype, H3 and H1N1 were 25.84%, 6.68%, 66.37% and 7.31%, respectively. The epidemic peaked in winter and spring. The positive rate showed significant difference between age groups （x^2=17.252, P〈0.001）. The positive rate of the 5-year age group was the highest. No statistical difference in the risk of influenza virus was observed between men and women （x^2=0.215, P=0.643）. The B subtype of influenza virus showed the best sensitivity during cultivation in MDCK cells. Conclusion Influenza surveillance work should focus on the epidemic by A/H3 and A/H1N1 influenza virus, and be particularly strengthened in primary and secondary schools. The sensitivity of various subtypes of influenza virus during the cultivation in MDCK cells is to be further explored.

关 键 词：流感病毒 ILI监测 流行特征 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]