内科住院患者医院感染的病原菌种类及耐药性分析  

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing infections in hospitalized patients of internal medicine

作　　者：吕欣[1] 赵静[1] 孙洁敏[1] 厉朝喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江医院综合病房二,浙江杭州310013

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第4期737-739,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：浙江省卫生厅一般平台项目(2012KYB005)

摘　　要：目的了解内科患者的医院感染状况,为控制医院感染提供指导依据。方法分析内科病房2010年1月-2012年12月共2 022例患者数据,统计发生医院感染患者的感染部位、病原菌分布及耐药率情况。结果 94例患者发生医院感染,医院感染率为4.6%,例次感染率为7.6%;呼吸道感染占首位,116例次,占75.3%,其次泌尿道感染16例次,占10.4%。病原菌分布以革兰阴性杆菌为主,共59株,占62.1%,革兰阳性球菌19株占20.0%,真菌17株占17.9%。铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率超过30%。MRSA及产ESBLs菌株的检出率高。结论内科患者医院感染病原菌主要为革兰阴性杆菌,耐药性高。为有效控制耐药率,应根据药敏结果合理应用抗菌药物。Objective This work was to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing infections in hospitalized patients of internal medicine, so as to provide the reference for prevention and treatment of nosocomial infections. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to all 2022 hospitalized patients in the internal medicine department from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012 for the incidence, distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing infections. Results Among the 2022 patients, 94 acquired the nosocomial infections, with an incidence of 4.6%. The case-time infection rate was 7.6%.The respiratory tract ranked the first place of infection sites （116 case-times, 75.3%）, followed by the urinary tract （16 ease-times, 10.4%）. A total of 95 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the specimens of 94 patients with infections, including 59 （62.1%） isolates of gram-negative bacteria, 19 （20.0%） of gram-positive bacteria, and 17 （17.9%） of fungi. The rates of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baurnannii and Klebsiella pneumonia were over 30 percent. The detection rates of MRSA and the ESBLs-producing strains were high. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens causing nosocomial infections in hospitalized internal medicine patients, and the isolated bacteria were all highly drug resistant. It is necessary to use antibiotics with caution so as to control the rate of drug resistance.

关 键 词：医院感染 部位 病原菌 耐药率 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]