大兴安岭白桦-兴安落叶松林火烧迹地林下植被群落恢复过程的动态分析  

Dynamics of recovery process of understory vegetation of Betula platyphylla- Larix gmelinii forest in Daxing'an Mountains after fire disturbance

作　　者：韩风林 布仁仓[1] 常禹[1] 胡远满[1] 马俊[1,2] 聂志文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第2期312-318,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CBA01807);先导专项(XDA05050200);国家自然科学基金项目(41371198)资助

摘　　要：火干扰在森林生态系统的发育过程中起到重要作用,直接影响着森林生态系统的物种组成、结构稳定性和物种多样性。本文通过调查大兴安岭兴安落叶松（Larix gmelinii）-白桦（Betula platyphylla）林林下植被,采用空间序列代替时间序列的研究方法,分析了大兴安岭北方针叶林火烧迹地林下植被的恢复过程。研究表明：1）在灌木层和草本层中林分结构的变化主要表现在一些旱生物种与中湿生物种的替代过程;2）物种多样性随着群落演替顺序未呈现连续增加趋势。在草本层,物种丰富度指数呈先上升后下降的单峰型变化趋势,在火烧后5-8年达到一个峰值,随着进一步的演替有所下降;物种多样性指数也表现出类似的单峰型变化趋势,在火烧后的第5年达到最大值,15年左右开始趋于平稳,20年左右达到一个较为稳定的数值;物种均匀度指数在火烧后5年左右达到最低值,随后上升并最终趋于平稳。在灌木层,物种多样性指数的变化趋势基本与草本物种相同,但滞后于草本群落3-5年;3）林下层的生物量随恢复年份呈指数增加,到25年时生物量达10.5t·hm-2。Forest fire plays a vital role in the succession of forest ecosystems, and determines species composition, structure stability and species diversity in the forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the understory vegetation of Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla forests in Daxing＇anling Mountains, and analyzed the recovery process of burned areas with the method of spatial pattern instead of time series. The results showed that the community composition changed from xerophytes to mesophytes and hygrophytes in the shrub and herb layers, while species diver- sity did not show an increasing trend with the community succession, In the herb layer, species richness index showed an increasing trend at beginning and then decreased after 5-8 years on the burned areas. Similarly, species diversity index reached the maximum value 5 years after the fire and tended to be relatively stable value 20 years after. Species evenness index reached its lowest value about 5 years after the fire, then presented an increase and then tended to be stable finally. The temporal trend of species diversity index in the shrub layer was similar to that of herbaceous species but there was a lag of 3-5 years. Understory biomass increased exponentially with restora- tion age, reaching 10.5 t · hm-2 at 25 years after the fire.

关 键 词：大兴安岭 兴安落叶松+白桦林 火烧迹地 生物多样性 生物量 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]