免耕覆盖对不同质地土壤水分与作物产量的影响  

Effects of no-tillage with straw mulching on soil moisture and crop yield in soils with different textures

作　　者：刘连华[1] 陈源泉[1] 杨静[1] 聂紫瑾[1] 张建省[1] 石彦琴[1] 隋鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/循环农业研究中心,北京100193

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第2期393-398,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B15和2012BAD14B03)资助

摘　　要：采用空间位移法,将河北省吴桥县3种质地（砂土、砂质壤土、砂质粘壤土）的原状土转移到同一地点,研究了华北平原免耕覆盖下3种质地土壤的水分特征与作物产量。试验于2010-2013年开展,地点设在河北省吴桥县中国农业大学吴桥实验站。结果表明：相对传统翻耕,免耕覆盖可以增加土壤体积含水量,且在砂质壤土上的保水效果比其他2种土质更明显;砂质粘壤土免耕覆盖处理0-20 cm土层土壤体积含水量较传统翻耕处理低,不同于其他2种土壤;根据试验前2年结果,免耕覆盖并未显著提高作物的水分利用效率,小麦季趋势较为一致,砂土、砂质壤土和砂质粘壤土免耕覆盖的WUE比翻耕分别低13.95%、9.76%和8.61%;玉米季不同土质的趋势有差异,其中砂土免耕覆盖处理的WUE比翻耕低6.45%,而砂质粘壤土免耕覆盖处理的WUE比翻耕高4.89%,但差异均不显著;3种土质下,免耕覆盖相对传统翻耕没有表现出增产优势,小麦产量比传统翻耕分别降低7.09%、4.26%和0.39%,玉米产量分别减少9.81%、4.11%和10.19%。本试验条件下,免耕覆盖措施在3种土质均具有较好的保水效果,但短期内没有表现出增产趋势。Sandy soil （S）, sandy loam soil （SL） and sandy clay loam soil （SCL） were transpor-ted using the spatial displacement method to Wuqiao Station of China Agricultural University,Hebei Province for studying soil moisture and crop yield under no-tillage with mulch and conven-tional tillage during 2010 to 2013. The results showed that compared with conventional tillage,no-tillage with mulch increased soil volumelric water content, and the effect was more obvious onSL than on S and SCL; the soil volumetric water content of 0-20 cm under no-tillage with mulchwas lower than under conventional tillage in SCL, which is different from S and SL. However,crop water use efficiency （WUE） was not improved under no-tillage with mulch according to thefirst two years experiment. The variation trend of WUE was consistent for the three soils in wheatgrowing season. WUEs under no-tillageunder conventional tillage in S, SL andin WUE were observed among differentwith mulch were 13.95%, 9.76% and 8.61% lower thanSCL, respectively. In maize growing season, differences soil textures. WUE under no-tillage with mulch was 6.45% lower than under conventional tillage in S, while the WUE under no-tillage with mulch was4.89% higher than under conventional tillage in SCL, but the differences were not significant.No-tillage with mulch did not show advantage in yield increase. The wheat yields were 7.09%,4.26% and 0.39% lower under no-tillage with mulch than under conventional tillage, and themaize yield was 9.81%, 4.11% and 10.19% lower than under conventional tillage in S, SL andSCL, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, no-tillage with mulch has a better effect onwater conservation, but cannot increase crop yield in short term.

关 键 词：空间位移 土壤质地 免耕 秸秆覆盖 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]