城市景观三维扩展及其大气环境效应综述  

Review on three-dimensional expansion and its atmosphere environmental effects of urban landscape

作　　者：宫继萍[1,2] 胡远满[1] 刘淼[1] 常禹[1] 布仁仓[1] 熊在平[1] 李春林[1] 

机构地区：[1]森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第2期562-570,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171155和41371198);科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ15B06)资助

摘　　要：当前,中国正处于快速城镇化阶段,在城市边界迅速扩展同时,城市内部改造使建筑高度也不断增加,从而使得城市与周边生态环境的相互作用影响变得更为复杂。在三维空间上研究格局变化与过程关系对于城市生态安全持续和健康发展具有重要意义。本文综述了景观生态格局研究在三维空间上的进展和城市大气环境效应;总结了不同尺度上大气数值模式在城市下垫面大气模拟中的应用,以及城市景观组分和三维格局演变对局地气候和大气污染的影响;分析了当前城市景观三维格局研究和城市大气数值模式应用中存在的不足。三维格局定量分析及其环境效应是未来城市景观生态学研究新的方向,包括构建综合反映景观格局与大气环境关系的格局指数,建立融合城市景观格局演变动力机制和大气环境因子于一体的多尺度模型,以及加强城市三维景观格局优化研究。Recently, China has entered into a developmental stage of rapid urbanization, andcities have been expanding rapidly with increasing number of skyscrapers. Consequently, the in-teractions between cities and their surrounding environments have become more complex. Thus,developing theory and method of three-dimensional landscape pattern dynamics and processes isimportant for urban ecological security and health. In this review, the study progresses on urbanlandscape pattern and its atmosphere environmental effects were introduced from three-dimension-al perspectives. Atmospheric numerical models of urban land-use at different scales, and atmos-phere environmental effects of urban landscape elements and pattern change were elucidated. Thedeficiencies of theoretical basis of three-dimensional landscape pattern and research methods onatmospheric numerical models were summarized. In future, quantitative analysis of three-dimen-sional pattern and its environmental effect will be a new research direction in urban landscapeecology. On the basis of three dimensional urban landscape theories, building pattern indexeswhich could reflect the relationship between landscape pattern and atmospheric environment,constructing multi-scale models which combine dynamic mechanism of urban landscape patternchange with atmospheric environmental factors, and strengthening optimization study of three-dimensional urban landscape pattern are considered as future directions of the study field.

关 键 词：城市扩展 三维景观格局 大气环境 大气数值模式 景观优化 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]