灌溉方式和氮肥用量对寒地粳稻子粒灌浆形成和产量的影响  

The Irrigation Method and the Amount of Nitrogenous Fertilizer Used that Influence the Form of Grain Filling and the Yield on Japonica Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：陈宾宾[1,2] 邹德堂[1] 张晧正 赵宏伟[1] 赵振东[1] 刘忠良[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154007

出　　处：《作物杂志》2015年第1期91-98,共8页Crops

基　　金：科技部科技攻关项目(2011BAD35B02-01);科技部科技支撑项目(2011BAD16B11);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目(2013BAD20B04)

摘　　要：以东农425为试验材料，采用裂区设计，设灌溉方式和氮肥用量2个因素，以灌溉方式为主区，设4个处理：常规灌溉方式、轻干湿交替灌溉方式、中干湿交替灌溉方式、重干湿交替灌溉方式。氮肥用量为副区，设5个水平：0、75、150、225、300kg/hm^2。应用Richards方程对东农425强弱势子粒的灌浆过程进行拟合，研究灌溉方式和氮肥用量对寒地粳稻子粒灌浆形成及产量的影响，并探讨终极生长量与灌浆参数的相关关系。结果表明，灌溉方式和氮肥施用量对子粒灌浆形成、产量及其构成因素的影响均达显著水平，且具有显著的互作效应，轻度干湿交替灌溉方式较其他灌浆方式利于提高起始生长势、强弱势子粒最大灌浆速率、适当缩短强弱势子粒到达灌浆速率峰值的时间。灌溉方式和氮肥用量对弱势子粒灌浆参数的影响程度高于强势子粒。灌溉方式和氮肥用量对产量及其构成因素的控水效应、供氮效应及互作效应的分析表明，轻干湿交替灌溉方式与施氮量为150～225kg／hm^2组合是本试验最佳的水氮互作方式，中干湿交替灌溉方式下，氮肥用量可适当降至75—150kg／hm^2；同时，终极生长量与灌浆参数的相关分析表明，可依子粒起始生长势大小，判断终板生长量的高低趋势。The effect of interactions between irrigation methods and nitrogen amount on form of grain filling of rice and yields in cold regions was studied and the relationship between the amount of ultimate growth and filling parameters was explored under the interaction. We used a split-plot design, two factors：irrigation methods and nitrogen fertilizer. Irrigation district was used as a main factor, 4 types of irrigation methods were used：＂ normal irrigation＂, ＂light wet and dry alternating irrigation＂,＂ moderate wet and dry alternating irrigation ＂and ＂heavy wet and dry alternating irrigation ＂. Nitrogen fertilizer was used as deputy district at five levels：0kg/hm^2, 75 kg/ hm^2 ,150kg/hm^2,225kg/hm^2, 300kg/hm^2. Richards equation was used to fit the filling process of strong and weak grains of Japonica rice Dong Nong 425. The results showed that ： irrigation methods and nitrogen amount had significant effects on form of grain filling. Light wet and dry alternating irrigation contributed to improve R0 and GMax.Gc ,reduce TMax. G and D compared with other irrigation methods. Irrigation methods and nitrogen fertilizer influenced weak grains on grain-filling parameters than strong grains. Analysis of irrigation methods and nitrogen amount on yield and water control effects, nitrogen effect and coupling effects of its component factors showed that：＂ Light wet and dry alternating irrigation＂ and nitrogen amount with 150 -225kg/hm^2 was the best combina- tion of water and nitrogen coupling regime. The nitrogen amount could be properly decreased by 75 - 150kg/hm^2 under the condition of moderate wet and dry alternating irrigation method. The correlation analysis showed that the trend of the amount of ultimate growth A could be determined by the size of R0.

关 键 词：寒地粳稻 水氮互作 产量 子粒灌浆 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]