不同密度下臭氧胁迫对Ⅱ优084水稻光合作用和物质生产的影响——FACE研究  

Effects of ozone stress on photosynthesis and dry matter production of rice Ⅱ-you 084 under different planting densities

作　　者：彭斌[1,2] 赖上坤 李潘林 王云霞 朱建国[3] 杨连新 王余龙 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]盐城工学院,江苏盐城224000 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第1期17-24,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31371563;31471437;31071359);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金项目(0812201233);中国科学院知识创新方向项目(KZCX2-EW-414);中国科学院科研装备研制项目(YZ0603);江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室开放课题(K12006);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助

摘　　要：依托中国稻田臭氧FACE(free air ozone concentration enrichment)技术平台,以超级稻Ⅱ优084为供试材料,臭氧设置当前大气臭氧浓度和高臭氧浓度(比前者高50%),移栽密度设置低密度(16穴·m-2)、中密度(24穴·m-2)和高密度(32穴·m-2),研究不同移栽密度条件下近地层臭氧浓度升高对水稻光合作用、物质生产以及茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物浓度和含量的影响.结果表明:臭氧浓度升高使水稻移栽后63 d、77 d和86 d剑叶SPAD值分别下降6%、11%和13%,均达显著或极显著水平.臭氧胁迫下结实期叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率的降幅亦随时间推移而明显增加.高臭氧浓度使水稻抽穗至成熟期的物质生产量平均下降46%,从而使最终生物产量下降25%,均达显著水平.臭氧浓度升高使水稻拔节后茎鞘可溶性糖和淀粉的浓度和含量均显著降低,但使抽穗前茎鞘贮藏同化物的转运率大幅增加.方差分析表明,臭氧与密度间的互作对水稻所有测定参数均无显著影响.综上,近地层臭氧浓度升高使超级稻Ⅱ优084生育中后期的光合和生长均明显受抑,但这种抑制作用不受移栽密度的影响.In order to investigate tion, non-structural carbohydrate the effects of ozone stress on and yield formation of rice, a photosynthesis, dry matter produc- free air ozone concentration enrich- ment （FACE） experiment was conducted. A super hybrid rice cultivar Ⅱ-you 084 with 3 spacing levels, low plant density （LD, 16 hills per m2） , medium （MD, 24 hills per m2） and high plant density （ HD, 32 hills per m2） , was grown in the field at current and elevated ozone concentrations （current× 1.5）. The results were as follows： Elevated ozone significantly reduced leaf SPAD value of Ⅱ-you 084 by 6%, 11% and 13%, at 63, 77, and 86 days after transplanting, respectively. The declines in leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at filling stage increased significantly on ozone stress over time. Ozone stress decreased dry matter production of rice by 46% from heading stage to plant maturity, thus reduced biomass yield by 25%. Elevated ozone decreased the concentration and accumulation Ⅱ-you 084 at jointing, heading and plant maturity, of soluble carbohydrate and starch in stem of but significantly increased the dry matter trans-portation rate. No significant interaction was observed between ozone and planting density for photo-1 synthesis, dry matter production and non-structural carbohydrate of rice. The above results indicated that elevated ozone reduced photosynthesis and growth of rice Ⅱ-you 084 at late growth stage, which had no relationship with planting density.

关 键 词：超级稻 臭氧 光合作用 物质生产 移栽密度 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]