花粒期光照对夏玉米干物质积累和养分吸收的影响  

Effect of light from flowering to maturity stage on dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption of summer maize

作　　者：史建国[1] 朱昆仑[1] 曹慧英[1] 董树亭[1] 刘鹏[1] 赵斌[1] 张吉旺[1] 

机构地区：[1]作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第1期46-52,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设经费(SDAIT-01-022-05);国家自然科学基金项目(31271662);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B09);山东省玉米育种与栽培技术企业重点实验室开放课题资助

摘　　要：选用登海605(DH605)为试验材料,在大田条件下通过花粒期遮阴(S)和增光(L)研究不同光照对花后夏玉米产量、干物质积累和氮、磷、钾养分吸收与运转特性的影响.结果表明:遮阴后夏玉米产量、干物质积累量及氮、磷、钾养分吸收量均显著降低;而增光有利于夏玉米干物质积累量及氮、磷、钾养分吸收量和产量的提高.2011—2013年,遮阴处理的产量较对照(自然光下)分别降低了59.4%、79.0%、60.6%;增光后产量分别增加16.3%、12.9%、6.8%.遮阴对干物质积累的影响大于其对植株氮、磷吸收量的影响,植株体内氮、磷等养分含量有所上升,而钾吸收量的下降幅度大于干物质积累,钾素相对含量降低,氮、磷、钾向籽粒的分配比例降低.增光后干物质积累和氮、磷吸收量显著上升,但对氮、磷吸收的影响更大;增光条件下,氮、磷、钾等养分向籽粒的分配比例增加.Using Denghai 605 （DH605） as the experimental material, shading （S） and increasing light （L） treatments from flowering to maturity stage were designed in a field experiment to explore effects of light on dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption of summer maize. Results showed that grain yield, dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption decreased significantly after shad- ing but increased after increasing light. Yields in S treatment from 2011 to 2013 were reduced by 59.4%, 79.0% and 60.6% compared to those in CK, while that in L treatment were increased by 16.3%, 12.9% and 6.8%, respectively. The relative N and P absorption increased to a certain ex- tent because of the greater effect of shading on dry matter accumulation than that of N and P absorp- tion. After shading, K absorption of whole plant corn decreased significantly to a greater extent than that of dry matter accumulation decrease. The proportion of nutrient allocated to grains decreased significantly after shading. Dry matter accumulation and N and P absorption rates increased signifi- cantly after increasing light, and effects of increasing light on N and P absorption were greater than that of dry matter accumulation. Nutrient accumulation and the proportion allocated to grain in- creased significantly after increasing light.

关 键 词：夏玉米 遮阴 增光 氮、磷、钾养分 干物质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]