新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地小麦遗存加工处理方式初探  

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE METHOD OF WHEAT PROCESSING FROM SHENGJINDIAN CEMETERY, TURPAN IN XINJIANG

作　　者：李晶静[1,3] 张勇 张永兵 王龙 蒋洪恩[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]吐鲁番学研究院,吐鲁番838000 [3]中国科学院大学人文学院科技史与科技考古系,北京100049

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2015年第1期218-228,共11页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目，中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目

摘　　要：脱粒是谷物加工处理的重要环节之一.本文选择新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地M9墓葬出土大量保存完好的小麦遗存进行原始脱粒方式分析,并尝试结合现代小麦原始脱粒方式模拟实验,将现代模拟实验结果与古代材料进行对比分析,从而初步探讨新疆吐鲁番地区先民的小麦脱粒方式.本文首先对胜金店墓地M9墓葬出土的小麦遗存进行初步分类,将不同的小麦脱粒产品与副产品（麦秆、花序轴、小穗轴等）进行分析和统计;其次设计并完成现代小麦脱粒模拟实验,包括手搓、徒手摔打、木棍击打等3种相对原始的小麦脱粒方式,统计不同脱粒方式所产生的小麦加工产品与副产品的组合比例;将现代模拟实验所得结果与M9墓葬出土小麦遗存进行进一步对比分析.研究结果表明,在距今约2000多年前,新疆吐鲁番胜金店先民可能使用木棍击打方式对小麦进行脱粒.Crop processing is one of the most important subjects in archaeobotany. The studies of crop processing not only will provide important information about plant utilization by the ancient people, but also will help us in understanding the agricultural technique and its development during the past several thousand years. Furthermore the result of crop processing will help us to reconstruct the product activities, the social system, as weU as the crop distribution in ancient time. The Shengjindian cemetery lies on the north sloping lands of Flaming Mountains （Huoyan Shan） and it is in the north of Turpan basin, 30kin east of Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Due to the typical continental desert climate, many ancient artifacts and plant remains have been well preserved. In Tomb M9, many well-preserved wheat remains were discovered, which helped us a lot for the study of the ancient threshing method by the indigenous people more than 2000 years ago. First of all, we classified the wheat remains into different groups of threshing by-products. According to the statistic results, the wheat remains could be divided into four categories. The first group is the untouched inflorescent, with a percentage of 3.9% ; the second one was incomplete inflorescent, accounting for 5.8% ; the third one was rachis, accounting for 1.9% ; the last one was broken rachis, with a percentage of 88.4%. The above results show that the wheat remains should have been threshed by the ancient Shengjindian people. In addition, modern experiments were also applied to investigate the ancient threshing method. Three different sorts of primeval thresh simulation experiments were designed, involving rubbing the panicles unarmed, tossing the panicles to the floor by holding its straws, as well as striking the wheat with a stick. And then the morphology and combination of the by-products were observed and counted. The result shows that： （1） Different modes of threshing generate different by-product combination and proportion; （2

关 键 词：新疆吐鲁番 胜金店墓地 小麦脱粒方式 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q949.91[历史地理—历史学]