2010-2014年陕西省燃煤污染型砷中毒监测结果分析  

Analysis of monitoring results of coal-burning endemic arsenism in Shaanxi Province in 2010-2014

作　　者：范中学[1] 李跃[1] 李晓茜[1] 李平安[1] 白爱梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省地方病防治研究所氟砷防治研究室,西安710003

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2015年第1期41-44,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：中央补助地方公共卫生项目（2010-2014）

摘　　要：目的 掌握陕西省燃煤污染型地方性砷中毒病区病情变化、防砷炉灶使用和相关行为形成情况,评价防治效果,为制订防治策略提供依据.方法 2010-2014年,按照《陕西省燃煤污染型地方性砷中毒监测方案（试行）》的要求,在陕西省安康、汉中市的2个县4个自然村,每自然村抽取10户家庭,调查炉灶使用及相关行为形成情况;抽取5户家庭,采集煤样测定砷含量;按照《地方性砷中毒诊断标准》（WS/T 211-2001）,对监测村内高砷暴露人群进行砷中毒病情调查;抽取30名砷中毒患者,采集尿样检测尿砷含量.结果 改良炉和改良灶的合格率和正确使用率均较低（＜90％）.共采煤样100份,砷含量范围为12.295～ 455.827mg/kg,均值为（91.819±80.989）mg/kg,玉米、辣椒食用前的淘洗率均为100％（198/198,200/200）,玉米、辣椒的正确干燥率和保管率均在95％以上;4个村共调查17 855人,检出砷中毒患者1 232例,检出率为6.90％（1 232/17 855）,尿砷含量范围为未检出～ 0.287 mg/L,几何均值为0.033 mg/L.结论 陕西省燃煤型砷中毒呈流行态势,防砷炉具灶炉损坏现象较多,正确使用率较低.加强病情监测、健康教育和防砷炉具的后期管理工作是今后防治燃煤型地方性砷中毒的关键.Objective To investigate the current situation of coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism in the disease affected areas,the usage of anti-arsenism stove and the formation of related behavior;,to evaluate the control effect,so as to provide a basis for development of control strategies.Methods Surveillances were carried out according to the provisions and requirements of ＆quot;The Surveillance Project for Shaanxi Institute Coal-Burning-Borne Endemic Arsenicosis （Trial.）＆quot;.Four villages in two counties of Ankang city and Hanzhong city in Shaanxi Province were monitored in 2010-2014.Using simple random sampling method,10 families in each village were randomly selected to survey the situation of the stove used and related behavior changes.Five households in each village were randomly selected; arsenic level in coal was determined; high arsenic exposed population was investigated according to ＆quot;Endemic Arsenism Diagnostic Criteria＆quot; （WS/T 211-2001）.Urine samples of 30 patients with arsenism were randomly selected to determine the arsenic content.Results The proper utilization rate and the qualified households of improved stoves and iron stoves were all low; the correct drying rate and the correct storage rate of peppers and corns were higher than 95%.The washing rate of corns and peppers before eating were all 100%.A total of 100 copies of coal samples were tested and the arsenism content was between 12.295-455.827 mg/kg,and the geometric mean value of the arsenism content was （91.819 ± 80.989）mg/kg.Seventeen thousand eight hundred and fifty-five individuals were investigated and 1 232 cases of arsenism were diagnosed in the 4 villages; the prevalence rate was 6.90% （1 232/17 855）; urinary arsenism content was between not detected-0.287 mg/L; and the geometric mean value of the arsenic content was 0.033 mg/L.Conclusions The coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism in Shaanxi is in a prevalent state; many anti-arsenism stoves are out of order; and the proper utilization rate is low.To streng

关 键 词：燃煤污染型砷中毒 改炉改灶 健康教育 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]