西双版纳亚洲象的栖息地评价  

Evaluation of habitat for Asian elephants( Elephas maximus ) in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,China

作　　者：林柳[1,2] 金延飞[2] 杨鸿培 罗爱东 郭贤明 王利繁 张立[2] 

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学生命科学学院,海口571158 [2]北京师范大学生命科学学院,教育部生物多样性与生态工程重点实验室,北京100875 [3]西双版纳国家级自然保护区科研所,景洪666100 [4]西双版纳国家级自然保护区尚勇管理所,勐腊666300

出　　处：《兽类学报》2015年第1期1-13,共13页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31172108);国家985重点建设项目北京师范大学生物多样性科学与濒危物种保育科技创新平台资助项目;美国内政部鱼和野生动物管理局亚洲象保护基金资助项目(98210-8-G565)

摘　　要：本文利用亚洲象种群野外调查数据,结合3S技术,应用生态位因子分析(Ecological Niche Factor Analysis,ENFA)模型对西双版纳亚洲象的栖息地状况进行评价,并对适宜栖息地做出预测。结果表明:ENFA分析的边界值M=1.375>1,耐受值T=0.478,说明亚洲象对环境条件有一定选择性和耐受性,但生态位仍不宽,专化程度较高;影响亚洲象栖息地质量的最重要因素为植被因素,尤其是竹林和竹阔混交林;在本研究中,象群在农地中的分布点占所有分布点的45.2%,它们对栖息地预测结果的影响显著;与有农地象分布点所预测的亚洲象栖息地相比,无农地象分布点所预测的亚洲象总栖息地面积共减少2 652.5 km2,其中农地面积减少最大,共计1 788 km2,所占比例由35.7%降低至6.3%。因此,有农地象分布点所预测得到的亚洲象栖息地分布是人为干扰模式下的亚洲象栖息地状况,而无农地象分布点所预测的亚洲象栖息地是真正适宜亚洲象生存的栖息地;这些栖息地主要分布在西双版纳国家级自然保护区的勐养、勐仑、勐腊、尚勇子保护区和纳板河流域国家级自然保护区内及其周边地区,且已呈现岛屿化,因此急需在勐养子保护区和普洱之间、勐腊和尚勇子保护区之间以及中国—老挝边境地区建立生态廊道以保护亚洲象种群的长期维持和健康发展。The Asian elephant（ Elephas maximus） is listed under the first class of national protected species in China,and the majority of wild elephants live in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province. In this study,we applied Ecological Niche Factor Analysis（ ENFA） with 3S technique to evaluate habitat quality to predict suitable habitat for Asian elephants in Xishuangbanna,using the distribution data of elephants collected between 2003 and 2008. Based on ENFA,the marginality value was 1. 375 and the tolerance value was 0. 478,which showed that the selection of environmental variables by the elephants was non-random,though they had certain tolerance and adaptability to the environment. The primary factor affecting habitat quality was the vegetation,specifically the bamboo forest,indicating that food is the most important factor for elephants in selecting suitable habitat. As the elephant distribution data in farmlands made up 45. 2% of all data points,we conducted ENFA using all distribution and non-farmland data respectively. When using all data points,the total area of habitat,including optimal,suitable and marginal habitat,for elephants was 5 507. 9 km^2 and the farmlands accounted for35. 7%,while using non-farmland data points,the total area of habitat decreased to 2 855. 4 km^2 and the farmlands accounted for 6. 3%. Therefore,the habitat predicted by non-farmland was the real suitable habitat for wild elephants in Xishuangbanna and is scattered in Mengyang,Mengla,Shangyong,Menglun,Naban-River reserves and their surrounding areas. Currently,the natural habitat of wild elephants is isolated by farmlands,and corridors should be established in selective areas to conserve the wild elephants more effectively.

关 键 词：亚洲象 西双版纳 生态位因子分析 栖息地评价 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]