翘嘴鲌连续两代减数分裂雌核发育群体的遗传特征分析  

Analysis of genetic characteristics of two successive generation meiosis gynogenetic population in Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker

作　　者：李倩[1] 顾志敏[1] 贾永义[1] 罗琛[2] 蒋文枰[1] 刘士力[1] 李飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省淡水水产研究所,浙江湖州313001 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2015年第1期1-11,共11页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：浙江省水产新品种选育重大专项(2012C12907-7);浙江省重点科技创新团队项目(2010R50026-4)

摘　　要：通过异源精子冷休克技术获得翘嘴鲌减数分裂雌核发育一代(meio-G1)、减数分裂雌核发育二代(meio-G2),以太湖野生翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus Basilewsky)为对照群体,采用微卫星(SSR)标记和随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)标记分析了3个群体的遗传特征。SSR结果显示,12个微卫星位点在meio-G1、meio-G2和对照组3个群体中,分别扩增到38、16和47个等位基因,平均等位基因数为3.166 7、1.333 3和3.916 7,平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.430 6、0.333 3和0.675 0,平均纯合度分别为0.569 4、0.666 7和0.325 0。3个群体内个体间的平均遗传相似系数分别为0.543 0、1.000 0和0.571 9;聚类分析结果表明,meio-G1和对照组聚为一支,meio-G2单独聚为另一支。RAPD结果显示,14个引物在3个群体中检测到的位点数分别为74、61和64,3个群体的多态位点比例分别为63.51%、0和51.56%,按照Nei’s指数统计的3个群体的遗传相似度分别为0.801 8、1和0.846 0,meio-G2的基因组DNA同质性远高于meio-G1和对照组。两种分子标记结果均表明,meio-G2的纯合度、个体间的遗传相似系数均高于meio-G1和对照组,且个体间的基因型完全一致,是良好的育种材料。In this study, meiosis gynogenesis was induced in Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker using heterologous sperm, and cold-shock was performed to diploidize the female chromosome. The genomes of three groups of E. ilishaeformis, namely the Tai Lake group （control group）, the first generation artificially induced meiosis gynogenetic group （meio-Gl） and the second generation artificially induced meiosis gynogenetic group （meio-G2 were comparatively analyzed by simple sequence repeats （SSR）and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. The results of SSR indicated that the numbers of alleles among 12 loci were 38, 16 and 47 respectively, and the average numbers of alleles were 3. 166 7, 1. 333 3 and 3. 916 7 respectively. The average values of observed heterozygosity in the three groups were 0. 430 6, 0. 333 3 and 0.675 0, and the average homozygosity were 0.569 4, 0.666 7 and 0.325 0. The average similarity indices among individuals within meio-G2 and control group were 1. 000 0 and 0. 571 9, which were higher than those within the meio-G1 group （0. 543 0）. The cluster results showed that meio-G1 and control groups cluster together firstly and the meio-G2 group clusters another branch independently. The results of RAPD showed the examined numbers of loci among 14 primers in the three groups were 74, 61 and 64, and the percent of polymorphic loci were 63.51%, 0 and 51.56% accordingly. The genetic similarities calculated according Nei＇ s index were 1 for meio-G2 and 0. 849 0 for control group, which were slightly higher than that in meio- G1 （0. 801 8 ）. The results of SSR and RAPD markers both indicated that the homozygosity and genetic similarity among individuals in meio-G2 were higher than those in meio-Gl and control group, and the genotypes of all the analyzed individuals in meio-G2 were the same. The meio-G2 family cultured in our study may be a good material in further selective breeding research.

关 键 词：翘嘴鲌 人工雌核发育 微卫星 RAPD 纯合度 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]