橘色双冠丽鱼胚后色素细胞发育与体色变化  

Pigment cells development and body color variation of postembryonic development in Amphilophus citrinellus(Günther 1864)

作　　者：韦敏侠[1,2] 宋红梅[1] 祁宝伦[1] 刘超[1] 罗建仁[1] 胡隐昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所农业部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2015年第1期28-35,共8页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台项目(2014DKA30470);广东省科技计划(2011B060400023)

摘　　要：采用生物显微镜和体式显微镜等对橘色双冠丽鱼(Amphilophus citrinellus Günther 1864)早期发育过程中体色和色素细胞的分布及形态变化进行连续观察。结果显示,在水温为(27±1)℃,pH 8.3条件下,仔鱼期:初孵仔鱼体表已具有黑色素,2 dph(day post hatching,dph)黑色素增加,眼窝变黑,未有视觉功能;3dph卵黄囊尚未吸收完毕,黑色素细胞分支,形态多样;4 dph仔鱼有视觉功能,能自行游动;5 dph仔鱼开口,卵黄囊明显变小;7 dph仔鱼出现虹彩细胞;10 dph仔鱼体表出现黄色素细胞;12 dph各鳍被成鱼鳍膜所取代,黑色素细胞、黄色素细胞继续增多,视觉看到鱼体变黑。稚鱼期:19 dph有鳞片产生,各鳍条发育完全,30 dph发现红色素细胞;幼鱼期:35 dph幼鱼体表为黑色,初步形成7条色素带,全身布满鳞片;65 dph鱼体部分黑色素开始褪去;85 dph黑色素细胞全部褪去,鱼体变为亮黄色。研究结果为培育褪黑完全而且遗传稳定的橘色双冠丽鱼奠定了理论基础。The changing process of body color and distribution of chromatophores, as well as morphological characteristics during early life history of Amphilophus citrinellus （ Gtinther, 1864 ） were observed and photographed by microscope and anatomical lens at water temperature of （27 ± 1 ）℃ and pH 8.3. Melanin existed on the body surface of hatchling, and increased at 2 days post hatching （dph）. By this time the eye socket of the fish larvae turned black, whereas visual sense undeveloped. The fish larva still had yolk sac, while its melanophores branched and diversified morphological characters at 3 dph. At 4 dph, larvae had optic function and swam. Mouth opened at 5 dph, while yolk sac decreased significantly. Irridophores appeared at 7 dph and xanthophores appeared at 10 dph. Young fin membrane were replaced by adult fin at 12 dph. As the number of melanophores and xanthophores continued to increase, their body color became black. Scales occurred and fin fully developed at 19 dph, hence the larvae turned into juveniles. The erythrophores were found at 30 dph. 7 black stripes were formed across the body which became totally black, and the scales spread over the whole body at 35 dph. Melanin started to fade at 65 dph, and disappeared at 85 dph, then body color turned bright yellow. These results provide a theoretical basis for cultivating Amphilophus citrinellus with stable gene and pure color.

关 键 词：橘色双冠丽鱼 体色变化 早期生活史 形态观察 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]