抚育措施对热带次生林群落植物功能性状和功能多样性的影响  

Effects of tending on the functional traits and functional diversity of woody plants in a secondary tropical lowland rain forest

作　　者：路兴慧[1] 臧润国[1] 丁易[1] 黄继红[1] 杨秀森 周亚东[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [2]海南省霸王岭林业局,海南昌江572722 [3]海南大学农学院,海口570228

出　　处：《生物多样性》2015年第1期79-88,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2012BAD22B0103)

摘　　要：热带次生林普遍存在林分生产量不高、生态功能低、顶极物种缺乏或比例过小以及恢复速度过慢等问题。因此,迫切需要通过人工抚育提高其恢复速度和生态系统功能。本文以海南岛霸王岭林区次生林为研究对象,运用综合抚育法对中龄林进行抚育实验,分析了抚育措施对群落水平植物功能性状和功能多样性的影响。结果表明:抚育后群落水平的比叶面积、叶片干物质含量、叶片氮含量和叶片钾含量显著降低,木材密度和最大潜在高度显著提高,叶片叶绿素含量和磷含量变化不显著。抚育后群落的功能丰富度显著降低,而功能均匀度和功能分离度显著增加,功能离散度变化不显著。研究表明,通过综合抚育技术的实施,能够加快次生林群落向老龄林方向恢复,抚育后的物种能够更充分地利用资源,生态系统功能逐渐增强。Secondary forests occupy a large and growing proportion of tropical forest coverage. Combined with the rapid decrease in primary forests, this expansion leads to increasing importance of secondary forests for biodiversity conservation and maintenance of regional ecological resources. However, in many instances the function and productivity of secondary forests are relatively low compared with old growth forests. Therefore, it may prove important to enhance the recovery rate and related ecosystem services of these for- ests through forest tending practices. Here, we explored the effects of tending measures on the functional traits and functional diversity of woody plants in a secondary tropical lowland rain forest in Bawangling forest region on Hainan Island. We conducted a tending practice in 60 plots （50 m x 50 m） in 2012. We logged trees which hindered the growth of the target species in 30 plots and the others were control. Then we analyzed the impact of tending on community functional traits and functional diversity with ANOVA. Our results showed that specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content and leaf potassium con- tent significantly decreased at the community level with tending, but woody density and the maximum poten- tial height significantly increased. Leaf chlorophyll content, leaf phosphorus content did not change significantly after tending. Functional richness decreased significantly, and functional evenness and functional divergence significantly increased, while functional dispersion did not change significantly after tending. Our results point to the various ways in which tending can change the trajectory of a secondary forest as it succeeds towards an old growth forest.

关 键 词：演替 功能关键种 生态系统功能 森林恢复 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]