基于遥感的湿地景观格局季相分析  

Analysis of seasonal changes of wetland landscape patterns derived from remote sensing data

作　　者：谢静[1,2] 王宗明[1] 任春颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [2]苏黎世大学地理系遥感实验室

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第24期7149-7157,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院碳专项子课题(XDA05050101);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)课题(2013CB430401)

摘　　要：以中国东北地区三江平原北部为研究区域,利用2012年多季相遥感影像作为数据源,结合野外调查数据,应用面向对象的分类方法,根据影像的物候、时相等特征,提取不同月份的湿地信息,进行景观格局季相分析。结果表明:(1)研究区湿地面积、类型格局在同一年不同季节不同月份会有不同幅度的变化,总体呈现缓增骤减的态势。湿地主要分布在低洼地区,主要湿地类型为草本沼泽,其次为河流,其他湿地占总面积比例较小。(2)研究区各阶段湿地都有转化,主要发生在湿地和非湿地之间,多数表现在草本沼泽和草地之间的转化。(3)湿地分布和湿地转化面积主要集中在低海拔区域和低坡度区域,其中海拔<100 m和坡度5°以下范围内的湿地分布面积和湿地转化面积占湿地总面积及湿地转化面积的绝大部分。(4)年内季节性湿地转化与降水、温度和湿地植被物候关系密切。As important natural ecosystems,wetlands play significant roles. Wetland ecosystems are associated with a diverse and complex array of direct and indirect uses. Direct uses include the use of the wetland for water supply and harvesting of wetland products such as fish and plant resources,while indirect benefits are derived from environmental functions such as flood water retention,groundwater recharge / discharge,nutrient abatement,etc.,depending on the type of wetlands,soil and water characteristics and associated biotic influences. Extensive loss of wetlands has occurred in many countries throughout the world. As the value of wetlands to society has become recognized,it is now important to conserve these valuable resources. To prevent further loss of wetlands,and conserve existing wetland ecosystems for biodiversity and ecosystem services and goods,it is important to inventory and monitor wetlands. For inventorying and monitoring wetlands,satellite remote sensing has many advantages. Satellite data has repeat coverage so that wetlands can be monitored seasonally or yearly. Satellite remote sensing can also provide information on surrounding land covers and their changes over time.Using satellite remotely sensed data for land cover classification is less costly and less time-consuming than aerial photography for large geographic areas. Satellite remote sensing can be especially appropriate for wetland inventories and monitoring in developing countries,where fund are limited and where little information is available on wetland areas,surrounding land covers,and wetlands losses over time. The Sanjiang Plain located in Northeast China was famous for itslarge area natural wetlands. However,natural wetlands shrunk substantially due to large-scale agriculture expansion under the agricultural development policies. To conserve and manage wetland resources in the Sanjiang Plain,it is important to inventory and monitor wetlands. Wetland classification is difficult because of spectral confusion with other land cover classes

关 键 词：遥感 湿地分类 景观格局 季相分析 面向对象的方法 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] P901[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]