泥沙输移比及其尺度依存研究进展  

Progress review and discussion on sediment delivery ratio and its dependence on scale

作　　者：张晓明[1] 曹文洪[1] 周利军 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 [2]长江流域水土保持监测中心站,武汉430010

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第24期7475-7485,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51009154,51379008);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体基金项目(50721006);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题(ZY1304)

摘　　要：泥沙输移比是反映流域侵蚀产沙及输移能力的指标,对评价水土保持减沙效益有重要意义。基于对国内外泥沙输移比研究的系统梳理,1阐述了泥沙输移比的内涵,并对泥沙输移比基本定义中不同学科常用的表征变量作了清晰的界定,流域产沙量所涵尺度较流域输沙量小,且泥沙输移比与归槽率无论在内涵及定量描述上均不可等同;2归纳提出泥沙输移比现存的测算方法,包括4种形式的类比计算法和3种形式的建模计算法,并分别评述了其优缺点;3揭示了泥沙输移比的影响因素随时空尺度变化表现出分异性;4基于对泥沙输移比内涵与测算中的"尺度问题"以及泥沙输移比是否存在尺度效应等问题剖析,明确了泥沙输移比客观存在着尺度依存性及其尺度域。Sediment delivery ratio（ SDR） is an indicator to demonstrate the capacity of sediment erosion and delivery of a certain basin. Hence,SDR is usually recognized as a helpful factor when evaluating sediment reduction effects by soil and water conservation management and making policy-decision on ecological construction. Studies on SDR at home and abroad during the last 50 years have been systematically reviewed. Firstly,the essential characteristics of SDR have been stated and discussed. In the expression formula of SDR（ SDR= Y / E）,Y is the amount of sedimentation delivery which is equal to the amount of sediment yield or soil loss in a certain watershed. The concepts of Y are different under different circumstances.For example,Y（ sediment yield） from the soil erosion perspective is the amount of sediment from the observation crosssection after sedimentation equilibrium at the gully erosion level. But,Y（ sediment delivery） from the river engineering perspective is including the erosion-siltation process. Moreover,it is important to note that both definition and quantitative amount between SDR and the rate that sediment from watershed slope returning to channel are totally different,which is because the two mass of sediment are different and could not be used as the same. Secondly,calculation methods regarding to SDR have been summarized and discussed on their advantages and disadvantages,including four types of analogy calculation methods and three forms of modeling methods. Two commonly used soil erosion calculation methods are unitwatershed analogy calculation method and the physical-process modeling method based on the total watershed erosion.Calculation methods discussed in this paper should be used carefully with considering their disadvantages. For instance,disadvantages of the unit-watershed analogy calculation method were observation data only from the unit-watershed,the inadequate representation of larger watersheds and the vogue expression of identifying a unit-watershed with the watershed

关 键 词：泥沙输移比 土壤侵蚀量 输沙量 尺度 单元流域 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]