Frame-bitrate-change based steganography for voice-over-IP  

作　　者：刘进 田晖 周可 

机构地区：[1]School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [2]Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [3]College of Computer Science and Technology, National Huaqiao University

出　　处：《Journal of Central South University》2014年第12期4544-4552,共9页中南大学学报（英文版）

基　　金：Project(2011CB302305)supported by National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China;Projects(61232004,61302094)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China;Project(ZQN-PY115)supported by Promotion Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher in Science and Technology Research of Huaqiao University,China;Project(JA13012)supported by Education Science Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher of Fujian Province of China;Project(2014J01238)supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China

摘　　要：Steganography based on bits-modification of speech frames is a kind of commonly used method, which targets at RTP payloads and offers covert communications over voice-over-IP(Vo IP). However, direct modification on frames is often independent of the inherent speech features, which may lead to great degradation of speech quality. A novel frame-bitrate-change based steganography is proposed in this work, which discovers a novel covert channel for Vo IP and introduces less distortion. This method exploits the feature of multi-rate speech codecs that the practical bitrate of speech frame is identified only by speech decoder at receiving end. Based on this characteristic, two steganography strategies called bitrate downgrading(BD) and bitrate switching(BS)are provided. The first strategy substitutes high bit-rate speech frames with lower ones to embed secret message, which introduces very low distortion in practice, and much less than other bits-modification based methods with the same embedding capacity. The second one encodes secret message bits into different types of speech frames, which is an alternative choice for supplement. The two strategies are implemented and tested on our covert communication system Steg Vo IP. The experiment results show that our proposed method is effective and fulfills the real-time requirement of Vo IP communication.Steganography based on bits-modification of speech frames is a kind of commonly used method, which targets at RTP payloads and offers covert communications over voice-over-IP（Vo IP）. However, direct modification on frames is often independent of the inherent speech features, which may lead to great degradation of speech quality. A novel frame-bitrate-change based steganography is proposed in this work, which discovers a novel covert channel for Vo IP and introduces less distortion. This method exploits the feature of multi-rate speech codecs that the practical bitrate of speech frame is identified only by speech decoder at receiving end. Based on this characteristic, two steganography strategies called bitrate downgrading（BD） and bitrate switching（BS）are provided. The first strategy substitutes high bit-rate speech frames with lower ones to embed secret message, which introduces very low distortion in practice, and much less than other bits-modification based methods with the same embedding capacity. The second one encodes secret message bits into different types of speech frames, which is an alternative choice for supplement. The two strategies are implemented and tested on our covert communication system Steg Vo IP. The experiment results show that our proposed method is effective and fulfills the real-time requirement of Vo IP communication.

关 键 词：covert communication steganography multi-rate speech codec voice-over-IP（VOIP） 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]