广州市部分公共场所室内空气中PM_(2.5)成份及健康危害分析  

Analysis on the ingredients and health hazards of PM_(2.5) in indoor air of some public places in Guangzhou City

作　　者：石同幸[1] 杨轶戬[1] 蒋琴琴[1] 胡国媛[1] 步犁[1] 施洁[1] 张林[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510440

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2014年第12期1412-1415,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金(A2013535)

摘　　要：目的 探讨公共场所室内空气中PM25的组成及对健康的危害. 方法 于2013年11月和12月,在广州中心城区选择部分公共场所：购物、住宿和餐饮各3家,采集室内空气PM2.5样本,分析样本中的12种金属元素（Pb、Mn、Al、Cd、Cr、Sb、As、Be、Hg、Ni、Se、Ti）、四种无机水溶性离子（NO3^-、SO4^2-、NH4^＋和Cl^-）和16种多环芳烃（PAHs）（萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、屈、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝）. 结果 在所检测的3种组分中,无机水溶性离子在三类场所中的质量浓度最高,分别为43.84％、44.67％和60.81％;12种金属成分中,各类场所中Al、Pb、Mn、As、Cr的含量较高,其含量在9.38-339.50 ng/m3范围内,Be和Hg未检出（低于监测限）,除餐饮场所的Al明显高于购物场所（P＜0.05）外,其他11种金属成分在各场所差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;4种无机水溶性离子成分中,SO4^2-、NO3^-、NH4^＋的质量浓度较高,浓度范围在1.27- 63.70μg/m3;3类场所4种无机水溶性离子质量浓度差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;16种多环芳烃成分中,BbF、Flu、BaP、IcdP、BghiP、Chr的质量浓度较高,浓度范围在0.36-7.38 ng/m^3.餐饮场所的16种多环芳烃明显高于购物和住宿场所（P＜0.05）.蒽（Ant）在购物和住宿场所中未检出,芴（Fl）在住宿场所中未检出. 结论 3种类型公共场所PM2.5的成分和质量浓度有所不同,餐饮场所的PM2.5中金属元素和多环芳烃类有机成分污染水平较高,对健康的危害应引起重视。Objective To analyze the ingredients of Pm2.5 in indoor air of some public places and discuss their health hazards.Methods The Pm2.5 samples of indoor air of 3 shopping malls,3 hotels and 3 restaurants in urban center of Guangzhou were collected separately during the period of November to December 2013,and then analyzed for 12 metals （Pb,Mn,Al,Cd,Cr,Sb,As,Be,Hg,Ni,Se and Ti）,4 water-soluble inorganic ions （NO3-,SO24,NH4＋ and Cl-） and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （naphthalene,acenaphthylene,acenaphthene,fluorene,phenanthrene,anthracene,fluoranthene,pyrene,chrysene,benzo（a）anthracene,benzo（b） fluoranthene,benzo（k） fluoranthene,benzo（a） pyrene,indeno [1,2,3-c,d] pyrene,dibenzo（a,h）anthracene and benzo（g,h,i）perylene）.Results Among three ingredients tested,the concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions in Pm2.5 of indoor air of the 3 types of public places were the highest,with the percentages being 43.84 %,44.67% and 60.81% respectively.Among 12 metals determined,the concentrations of Al,Pb,Mn,As and Cr were higher,ranging from 9.38 to 339.50 ng/m^3.Be and Hg were not detected.The concentration of Al in the Pm2.5 samples collected from restaurants was higher than that from shopping malls （P 〈 0.05）,but the concentrations of other 11 metals in the 3 types of public places had no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）.Among 4 water-soluble inorganic ions tested,the concentrations of SO42-,NO3 and NH4 ＋ were higher,ranging from 1.27 to 63.70 μg/m^3.No statistically significant differences were found in the concentrations of 4 water-soluble inorganic ions in Pm2.5 samples of the 3 types of public places （P 〉 0.05）.Among 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons tested,the concentrations of BbF,Flu,BaP,IcdP,BghiP and Chr were higher,ranging from 0.36 to 7.38 ng/m^3.The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were significantly higher in restaurants than in shopping malls and hotels （P 〈 0.05）.Ant was not detected in the Pm2.5 samples of shoppi

关 键 词：PM2.5 无机水溶性离子 金属 多环芳烃 健康危害 

分 类 号：R122.3[医药卫生—环境卫生学]