自身因素及外部因素对无偿献血者再次捐献行为影响差异的研究  

Research on different impacts of internal and external factors on repeated donation among voluntary blood donors

作　　者：屠小明[1] 陆雅文 赵轶伦[3] 戴宇东[3] 傅强[3] 胡晓雯[1] 林振平[2] 蔡旭兵[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学基础医学院,江苏南京210029 [2]南京医科大学医政学院 [3]南京红十字血液中心

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2014年第12期1334-1337,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK2012529);教育部社会科学基金(11YJC630120);南京医科大学科技发展重点基金(2014NJMUZD017)

摘　　要：目的探索自身因素与外部因素对无偿献血者重复捐献行为影响的差异,为针对性地制订干预策略,建立固定献血者队伍提供依据。方法以心理学中保护动机的相关理论为基础,编制调查问卷,在江苏省4市开展问卷调查。采用U检验比较献血认知的差异,采用Pearson相关分析重复捐献血行为与内外部因素之间的关联。结果本次调查共回收有效问卷1 080份,其中有512人(47.4%)献血1次,568人(52.6%)献血≥2次。献血者对终身免费用血的献血量及2次献全血之间时间间隔的知晓率分别39.9%和68.6%。来自献血者自身的采血感受,自我效能与捐献次数的相关系数分别为-0.306和0.222,来自外部的周围人态度,用血奖励与捐献次数的相关系数分别为0.118和0.008。除用血奖励外,相关系数假设检验的P值均<0.05。结论无偿献血者对献血行为所具有的信念,判断和主观感受是促成个体参与无偿献血的主要因素。献血者对用血奖励了解程度不高。现阶段在加强献血知识宣传的同时,需要进一步提高采血环节的服务质量。Objectives To explore the different impacts of internal and external factors on repeated blood donation, and to provide evidence for developing effective intervention strategies to establish a relatively fixed team of blood donors. Meth- ods Using questionnaire based on Protective Motivation Theory in psychology, survey was carried out in four cities of Jiang- su Province. U test was used to examine the difference in common knowledge on blood donation and Pearson correlation anal- ysis was applied to explore the relationship between repeated blood donation and internal or external factors. Results A- mong 1080 participants, 512 （47.4%） had participated in voluntary blood donation once, and 568 （52. 6% ） had donated more than twice. The rate of awareness that blood donation can ensure free lifetime use of blood and the time interval between two blood donations were 39.9% and 68. 6%, respectively. Coming from the blood donors＇feelings about donation, the cor- relation coefficients for their perception on self-efficacy and the numbers of blood donations, were - 0. 306 and 0. 222, re- spectively. Likewise, coming from their surrounding people on blood donations, the correlation coefficients were 0. 118 and O. 008 for reward from donation and the numbers of donation. Furthermore, the hypothesis test on correlation coefficient indi- cated that the correlation between internal or external factors and donations was significant with the exception of reward from blood donation. Conclusion Blood donors＇own beliefs, judgment and feelings play a major role in blood donation. Blooddonors do not comprehend the reward from blood donation very well. At present, effective campaigning on blood donation should be emphasized. Meanwhile, better service should also be promo- ted during blood collection.

关 键 词：重复献血 献血动机 自我效能 献血感受 现状调查 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] R193.3[哲学宗教—心理学]