长江上游珍稀特有鱼类保护区水环境因子时空分布格局研究  

Spatial-temporal patterns of the water environment factors in “rare and endemic fishes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River”

作　　者：张敏[1,2] 孙志禹[1] 陈永柏[1] 李翀[1] 李云峰[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团公司,北京100038 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉430223

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2014年第6期24-30,共7页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：中国博士后基金(2013M542082);中国长江三峡集团公司经费项目

摘　　要：基于2006-2013年对长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区水环境因子的监测数据,对区域内长江干流和赤水河的水环境因子时空分布特征进行了比较分析。结果显示,保护区水体总氮含量较高,长江干流总氮含量在0.5-1.5 mg/L的范围内波动,而赤水河的总氮总体超过2.5 mg/L。空间上,长江干流水温、溶解氧、氨氮和总磷含量高于赤水河,而总氮和硝态氮含量低于赤水河。在长江干流,溶解氧自上游至下游逐渐降低,总氮和硝态氮则自上而下平缓升高。赤水河水温自上而下逐渐升高,而溶解氧、总氮和硝态氮均显示出自上而下逐渐降低的趋势。时间上,总氮和硝态氮逐年上升,氨氮在长江干流逐年下降。基于各水质因子对样点的聚类分析表明,长江干流与赤水河呈现出明显的差异;河流内部空间距离越近,各样点的水环境相似程度越高,甚至分处向家坝水电站上下游的两个断面被发现亦具有较高的相似性,表明在研究期间较低的监测频率下,这两个断面并未因大坝的阻隔显示出上述水环境因子的显著差异。The spatial and temporal distributions of the water environment factors in the National Nature Reserve for the Rare and Endemic Fishes in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed based on the monitoring data from 2006 to 2013. High total nitrogen（ TN） content was found in the water of the conservation area. TN in the mainstream of the Yangtze River ranged from 0. 5 to 1. 5 mg / L. Average TN content in the Chishui River exceeded 2. 5 mg / L. Spatially,water temperature（ WT）,dissolved oxygen（ DO）,ammonia nitrogen（ NH4-N）,total phosphorus（ TP） in the mainstream was higher than that in the Chishui River,while TN and nitrite nitrogen（ NO3-N） was lower. In the mainstream of the Yangtze River,DO decreased from the upstream to the downstream,and TN and NO3-N increased slowly from the upstream to the downstream. In the Chishui River,WT increased from the upstream to the downstream,while DO,TN and NO3-N showed the opposite trend. Temporally,TN and NO3-N increased in recent years,while NH4-N decreased in the mainstream of the Yangtze River. Other factors did not show regular change. The cluster analysis based on the water envi-ronmental factors showed that,obvious difference existed between the Yangtze River mainstream and the Chishui River. In each river,the sites close to each other showed higher similarity. Even the two sites which located at upstream and downstream of the Xiangjiaba Dam respectively displayed higher similarity. This indicated the water environment factors mentioned above did not show obvious difference due to the separation of the dam under the low-frequency monitoring during the study period.

关 键 词：长江 保护区 水质 时空分布 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]