西双版纳地区钝叶榕的物候变化规律  

Fruiting phenology of Ficus curtipes in Xishuangbanna

作　　者：郭忠萍 Rhett-Daniel HARRISON 彭艳琼[1] 杨大荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南西双版纳666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650201

出　　处：《广西植物》2014年第6期773-779,共7页Guihaia

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30972294);云南省科技计划项目(2009CD117)

摘　　要：钝叶榕是西双版纳地区分布广泛的一种榕树（雌雄同株），具有较为特殊的传粉体系。近三年的野外物候观测数据显示，钝叶榕个体绝大多数每年结果1~2次，极少数一年结果3次，通常在雨季增加结果次数，出现树内异步的现象。钝叶榕结果树内同步，树间异步。钝叶榕雌花期和雄花期不能很好吻合，榕蜂系统在观测范围内处于不稳定状态，导致钝叶榕的雌花期和雄花期比其它种类的榕树长很多。结果表明：钝叶榕结果物候可能受相对湿度影响最大，但总体上其物候与温度、降雨量和相对湿度的相关关系未呈现明显的规律性。钝叶榕的物候变化应受其它气候因子作用或是各种生物因子和非生物因子共同作用的结果。物候和气候的现象十分复杂，进一步对钝叶榕物候的不同方面和各种气候因子进行相关性分析十分必要。Phenology of plants and life history of pollinators should match and maintain their mutualism.Figs and their pollinating fig wasps form highly specific mutualism and co-adapt in the phenology and life history.Ficus cur-tipes is monoecious,which distributes widely in Xishuangbanna with special pollination system.Fig wasps on F .cur-tipes have been massively reported,however,fig trees are seldom concerned.In this paper,we address three ques-tions：（1）What are the fruiting patterns of female floral phase and male floral phase of F .curtipes ,do they match each other;（2）Are there any correlations between climatic factors and the phenolgy of F .curtipes ;（3）How can fruit-ing pattern affect fig-wasp system in F .curtipes Over 30 months,F .curtipes fruits once or twice,at most three times per year.F .curtipes occasionally fruit asynchronously within individual trees in rainy season,which may be a strategy for boosting pollinator populations.In certain months there is no overlap between male and female phases of Ficus curtipes within the population suggesting pollinators may become periodically extirpated.The duration of fe-male floral phase and male floral phase of F .curtipes are longer than that of other species in our research area,which may reflect the scarcity of receptive figs or fig wasps.Fruiting phenology of F .curtipes was perhaps most affected by relative moisture among all climatic factors in this research,however,no regular correlations between the phenology of F .curtipes and three climatic factors were found.Instead of one specific factor,the phenology of F .curtipes may be influenced by both biotic factors and abiotic factors,other climatic factors may also play a part.Hence,it will be nec-essary to conduct more correlation analyses to elucidate such complex connections.

关 键 词：榕树 榕小蜂 物候 

分 类 号：Q948.5[生物学—植物学]