红外触发相机技术在山区动物调查中的应用  

The Application of Infrared Camera-Trapping in Wildlife Survey in Mountainous Regions

作　　者：王亮 赵伟[2] 杨增武 陶金鼎 包新康[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区管理局,瓜州736100 [2]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2014年第4期381-387,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划专题(2008BAC39B04);2010年度国家级自然保护区专项资金建设项目

摘　　要：近年来,红外触发相机凭借各种优势,在野生动物种类与数量调查中得到越来越多的应用.2012年6月～ 2013年3月,在安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区山区的水源及兽径处放置20部红外触发相机,以检验该技术在山区动物种类调查中的应用效果.监测期间共获得独立照片732张,经辨认,共拍摄到25种野生动物,隶属2纲,10目,15科,25属.哺乳类拍摄率最高的3种是北山羊（Capra ibex）、岩羊（Pseudois nayaur）及中亚兔（Lepus capensis）;鸟类拍摄率最高的3种为红嘴山鸦（Pyrrhocorx pyrrhocorax）、岩鸽（Columba rupestris rupestris）和石鸡（Alectoris chukar）.与传统样线法相比较,红外相机在大型兽类、行踪隐秘的猫科动物及夜间活动的动物调查中具有明显优势.但在鸟类调查中适用性不高,许多鸟类,特别是小型鸟类难以辨识.调查中同时发现,荒漠地区野生动物多聚集在水源地附近,但水源地同时放牧干扰较为严重,建议设立单独的牲畜饮水地,以减少对野生动物的干扰.In recent years, infrared camera-traps have been widely used in wildlife survey and monitoring due to their various advantages. To survey and monitor wildlife in mountainous regions of An＇xi Extra-arid Desert National Nature Reserve, 20 infrared camera-traps were set near water sources and foot trails from June 2012 to March 2013. During our monitoring, a total of 732 independent photographs（IP） were identified from 2 517 animal photos. We identified at least 25 species of 15 families of 10 orders in 2 classes, including 8 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. The three most frequently photographed mammals included ibex（ Capra ibex）, blue sheep （ Pseudois nayaur） and grass hare（ Lepus capensis）, and the three most common birds were redbilled chough （ Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax）, rock pigeon （ Columba rupestris rupestris）and chukar partridge（A/ectoris chukar）. Compared to traditional survey approaches, infrared camera-traps were useful for survey of larger mammals, felids and nocturnal animals, but not for monitoring of small birds. We found that most animals moved rapidly around water sources where livestock were crowded. So separate watering sites for livestock should be set up in this region to reduce the effects of animal husbandry on wildlife.

关 键 词：红外触发相机 山区 动物调查 安西自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q985.1[生物学—人类学]