沂蒙山区不同母岩发育土壤物理性质  

Physical Properties of Soils Developed from Different Parent Rocks in Yimeng Mountainous Region

作　　者：张永坤[1,2] 吴元芝[1] 于兴修[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]临沂大学水土保持与环境保育研究所山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室,山东临沂276000 [2]山东师范大学人口.资源与环境学院,山东济南250014 [3]湖北大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2014年第5期34-38,43,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"沂蒙山区典型成土母质土壤的水分有效性和植被的耗水特征"(41101206)

摘　　要：以沂蒙山区小圣堂小流域为研究区,对比分析了酸性岩石和钙质岩石发育土壤的物理性质及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)酸性岩石发育土壤石砾及砂粒含量较高,土壤质地由砂壤质到壤砂质,且随土层深度增加,石砾含量增加。钙质岩石发育土壤粉粒及黏粒含量较高,上下两层的土壤颗粒组成相差不大。受成土母岩影响两种土壤分形维数都很低,且酸性岩石发育土壤的分形维数更低。两种土壤石砾含量均大于10%,为粗骨土。(2)酸性岩石发育土壤的容重较大,总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度较小。两种土壤的容重和毛管孔隙度随土层深度的增加而变大,总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度则反之。毛管孔隙度大小主要受土壤分形维数的影响。(3)酸性岩石发育土壤的饱和导水率大于钙质岩石发育土壤,酸性岩石发育土壤10—20cm土层的饱和导水率较0—10cm土层大,而钙质岩石发育土壤饱和导水率在不同土层深度呈现不规律的变化。土壤质地是影响沂蒙山区土壤饱和导水率的主导因素,其中,砂粒和粉粒含量的影响尤为明显。A comparative analysis of soil physical properties and their influencing factors was carried out between soils developed from either acidic and calcareous rocks in Xiaoshengtang small watershed in the Yimeng mountainous region.The results showed that：（1）The soils developed from acidic rocks contained more gravel and sand than those from calcareous rocks.Soil textures ranged from sandy loam to loamy sand,and the gravel content increased with soil depth.The silt and clay contents of the soils were slightly higher in soils developed from calcareous rocks than from acidic rocks.However,the particle size compositions of the upper and lower soil layers were similar for soils from the calcareous rocks.Both soil types had relatively low fractal dimensions,which were influenced by the parent rock,but those of the soils developed from acidic rock were lower.Furthermore,they were both poorly developed soils with gravel contents higher than 10%.（2）Soils developed from acidic rock had higher bulk densities than that from calcareous rocks,which had higher total and capillary porosities.The bulk densities and capillary porosities of the two soils increased with increasing soil depth and,conversely,the total porosities and non-capillary porosities decreased.Furthermore,the capillary porosities were mainly influenced by soil fractal dimensions.（3）The saturated hydraulic conductivities of the soils developed from acidic rock were higher than those from calcareous rock,and they were higher in the 10—20cm soil layer than in the 0—10cm layer.However,the saturated hydraulic conductivities of the soils developed from calcareous rock did not exhibit consistent changes in different soillayers.Soil texture,especially the sand and silt contents,was the main influencing factor of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in the Yimeng mountainous region.

关 键 词：沂蒙山区 酸性岩石 钙质岩石 颗粒组成 饱和导水率 孔隙度 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]