典型黑土区不同尺度观测场地融雪径流  

Different Scale Observation Sites of Snow Melt Runoff in Typical Black Soil Area

作　　者：王平[1] 李浩[2] 陈强[2] 陈帅[2] 徐金忠[1] 宋春雨[2] 张兴义[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省水土保持科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑土生态重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2014年第5期244-247,253,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"土壤侵蚀坡长指数及影响因素研究"(41171230);"影响作物产量的土壤有机质阈值研究"(41071201)

摘　　要：通过对典型黑土区坡面、微型小流域和小流域3个尺度观测场地连续4a的融雪监测,比较分析了融雪径流发生特征及其所占的比例。结果表明,该区融雪发生和持续时间取决于日最高气温和冬季总降雪量。降雪径流系数远大于降雨径流系数,部分年融雪径流量多于降雨径流量,坡面尺度的径流系数高于小流域尺度的径流系数。小流域的融雪径流最能代表汇入河流中的雪水量。降雪径流系数年际波动大,范围为3%-83.6%,融雪径流量占全年降水径流量的59.3%,在径流观测中不容忽视。The snow melt runoff in different scale observation sites of slope,mini watershed and small watershed were monitored during past four years in the typical black soil area of Northeast China.The results showed that the beginning and duration of snow melt runoff was determined by the daily maximum temperature and the amount of snowfall in the winter.The runoff coefficient of snowfall was much larger than that of rainfall,and the annual amount of snow melt runoff was even more than that of rainfall in some years.The runoff coefficient in slope scale was larger than that in watersheds.The amount of snow melt runoff in small watershed could figure out the amount of snow melt into river.The runoff coefficient of snow had a large fluctuation,from 3percent to 83.6percent during the past four years,and annual mean runoff of snow melt was 59.3percent of runoff of precipitation.Hence,the snow melt runoff can not be neglected in runoff monitoring.

关 键 词：融雪 径流 观测场地尺度 黑土区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]