苹果炭疽叶枯病病原学研究  

Etiology of apple leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum spp

作　　者：王薇[1] 符丹丹[1,2] 张荣[1] 孙广宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]河南科技大学食品与生物工程学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《菌物学报》2015年第1期13-25,共13页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171797);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS28)

摘　　要：炭疽叶枯病菌能够侵染苹果叶片造成病叶早期干枯、脱落,侵染果实引起坏死性斑点。该病害近年来在我国一些苹果产区被发现,并有迅速蔓延的趋势。对采自河南和陕西的苹果炭疽叶枯病的病原菌进行了形态学、培养特性、致病性及分子系统发育研究,明确了引起该病害的病原为果生刺盘孢Colletotrichum fructicola和隐秘刺盘孢C.aenigma。经致病性测定,证明C.fructicola和C.aenigma对嘎拉、秦冠、金冠、粉红女士、太平洋玫瑰、金世纪、蜜脆等以金冠为亲本的品种叶片致病;在有伤接种时,C.fructicola和C.aenigma对嘎拉、金冠、秦冠、太平洋玫瑰、新红星、富士等品种果实具有致病性;在无伤接种时,C.fructicola对嘎拉、金冠果实致病,C.aenigma对嘎拉果实致病。研究结果表明,C.fructicola和C.aenigma对不同品种叶片和果实的致病性都存在明显的分化现象。Glomerella leaf spot pathogens can infect apple leaves and fruit, causing extensive necrosis of leaves and premature defoliation, as well as necrotic spots on fruit. In recent years, the disease has been reported with increasing frequencies in China, and appears to be spreading rapidly in some apple‐producing areas. In this study, fungal isolates from diseased apple leaves collected in Henan and Shaanxi provinces were identified based on morphology, cultural characters, pathogenicity and molecular phylogenetics. It was found that Glomerella leaf spot of apple was caused by two pathogens, Colletotrichum fructicola and C. aenigma. Pathogenicity tests showed that C. fructicola and C. aenigma could infect apple leaves of cultivar Golden Delicious and its parentage varieties such as Gala, Qinguan, Pink Lady, Pacific Rose, Jinshiji and Honeycrisp. In woundinoculation experiments, C. fructicola and C. aenigma were pathogenic to fruit of Gala, Qinguan, Golden Delicious, Pacific Rose, Starkrimson and Fuji. Non‐wounded inoculation of fruit indicated that C. fructicola was pathogenic to Gala and Golden Delicious, and C. aenigma was pathogenic to Gala. It is concluded that the pathogenicity differentiation is present for the pathogens on leaves and fruit of different apple cultivars.

关 键 词：果生刺盘孢 隐秘刺盘孢 炭疽病 盘长孢状刺盘孢复合群 

分 类 号：S436.611.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]