海河上游地区土壤有机氯农药的分布特征研究  

Distribution Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides in the Soils from the Upper Reaches of Haihe River

作　　者：迭庆杞 聂志强[1] 刘峰[1] 朱晓华[1] 黄启飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第2期83-88,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51178439);国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201009026;201209020)

摘　　要：该文采集了海河上游地区土壤样品,测定了24种有机氯农药(OCPs)的残留量,并对其残留特征、污染来源和污染程度进行了研究。结果表明,海河上游地区土壤中检出大部分有机氯农药,其中3种有机氯农药检出率达到100%,OCPs总残留量(∑OCPs)范围为2.75~139 ng/g,平均为40.1 ng/g。DDTs和HCHs是土壤中有机氯农药的主要污染物,相应的残留量分别为2.75~131 ng/g和ND^11.0ng/g,二者的残留特征表明了该地区土壤中HCHs主要来自于早期商业残留,部分地区存在新源输入的可能;而DDTs主要来源于历史上DDTs农药的使用,部分地区显示有新源输入。土壤中HCHs污染程度较低,而部分地区土壤中DDTs属于较高程度污染,存在较大的环境风险。文章同时首次分析了海河上游土壤中DDTs的降解产物DDM(bis(p-chloropheny)-methane)、DDMU(bis(chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene)和DBP(dichloroben-zophenone)的残留量,并讨论了DDT降解产物的分布特征。Samples of surface soils were collected in the soils from the upper reaches of Haihe River. The residues of 24 organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） in soils were analyzed with gas chromatography for assessing their concentrations, sources and pollution levels. Results showed that 3 types of OCPs were detectable in all soil samples. Total concentrations of OCPs （ ∑ OCPs） ranged from 2.75 to 139 ng/g, with average of 40.1 ng/g. DDTs and HCHs were the main pollutants in soil samples, whose concentrations were 2.75-131 ng/g and ND-11.0 ng/g respectively. The source analysis suggested that HCHs were mainly from the early usage of commercial HCHs, and some areas might have new input, while DDTs residues in soil might be subject to the industrial use of DDTs and recent usage. HCHs pollution was generally slight in soils while DDTs pollution was quite serious with high environmental risks. The DDTs metabolites such as DDMU, DDM and DBP were also investigated firstly in soil from the upper reaches of Haihe River, and the distribution characteristics of DDT degradation products were also discussed.

关 键 词：有机氯农药 土壤 DDT代谢产物 海河上游 分布特征 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]