合流制排水系统降雨径流初期冲刷效应  

First flush effect analysis of urban storm runoff in combined sewer system

作　　者：王俊松[1] 赵磊[1] 张晓旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省环境科学研究院,云南高原湖泊流域污染过程与管理重点实验室,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2015年第2期12-20,共9页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2012ZX07102001-002);云南应用基础研究项目(No.2008ZC103M)

摘　　要：通过对昆明主城区3个集水区合流制排水系统10次降雨径流过程水质水量的jI盏测，计算了污染物的次降雨平均浓度（EMC），并采用元因次累积负荷体积分数曲线（M（y）曲线）和初期冲刷系数方法对初期冲刷现象进行了探讨。结果表明：（1）对于同一个常规污染指标，不同集水区的EMC平均值没有较明显差异，但都表现出较高浓度的污染特征。不同集水区总悬浮颗粒物（TSS）、COD、TN和TP的EMC平均值分别为140．18～174．11、144．65～161．78、21．44～23．18、1．80～2．35mg／L。（2）3个集水区所有观测降雨事件中，TP、TN、COD和TSS的初期30％径流量所对应的污染物累积负荷量（FF30）平均值分别为38．7％、37．1％、40．7％、44．6％；TSS和COD的初期冲刷强度明显较TP和TN变化更剧烈，不同污染物初期冲刷强度依次为TSS〉COD〉TP〉TN。（3）对于合流制排水系统，在区域特征相近情况下，汇水面积越小则初期冲刷效应越显著。而当汇水面积大到一定程度时，不同集水区之间初期冲刷强度没有显著差异。（4）降雨量、平均雨强和最大雨强与合流制排水系统的初期冲刷强度呈显著的正相关性，是影响其初期冲刷的重要水文参数；降雨历时和前期晴天与其初期冲刷强度没有显著相关性，两者对初期冲刷无明显影响。Study was made on three different scales combined drainage systems from Kunming main urban area. Ten typical rainfalls were monitored and calculated for EMC. The dimensionless accumulativemass loading vs. volume curve （M（V） curve） and parameter b were used to discuss the first flush effect of combined drainage systems. The results showed that：（1） the EMC of three catchment was no distinctly different for the same pollutant, but showed the characteristics of highly concentration.The EMC of TSS,COD,TN and TP was 140.18-174.11,144.65-161.78,21.44- 23.18,1.80-2.35 mg/L, respectively on three catchment areas. （2） FF30 of TP, TN, COD and TSS was 38.7%, 37.1 %, 40.7% and 44.6 %, respectively on three catchment areas. The magnitudes of first flush of TSS and COD were stronger than those for TN and TP.The magnitude of the first flush effect was TSS〉COD〉TP〉TN. （3） The first flush phenomenon was greater for smaller watershed areas if there was similar area features. The magnitudes of first flush were no distinctly different when catchment area was large enough. （4） The magnitude of first flush was positively and strongly correlated to the rainfall depth and maximum rainfall intensity and event average rainfall intensity that was the critical influences on the magnitude of the first flush. There was no significant correlation between the magnitude of first flush and rainfall duration and antecedent dry weather period.

关 键 词：合流制排水系统 城市降雨径流 初期冲刷 影响因素 

分 类 号：TU992.02[建筑科学—市政工程]