论排污许可证制度对点源排放控制政策的整合  

Theory of the role of integrating point source emission control policies of discharge permit

作　　者：赵若楠[1] 李艳萍[1] 扈学文[1] 白璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院清洁生产与循环经济研究中心,国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2015年第2期93-99,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：中国环境科学研究院改革启动专项"中德工业园区环境监管机制研究"(No.2012GGQD18);中国环境科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项"清洁生产促进法实施绩效评估和推进机制研究"(No.2012YSKY12);环保公益性行业科研专项"重点行业重金属产排污强度综合评价体系"(No.201209009-3)

摘　　要：中国水污染防治政策很多,包括环境影响评价、"三同时"、排污收费等,但各项政策基本是分散和独立执行的,没有核心和基础的政策,不成体系,缺乏效率。基于排污许可证作为政府的执法文件的角度,论证了将分散的点源排放控制政策围绕排污许可证整合为系统的排放控制政策体系。中国已具备实施排污许可证制度的基础条件,以排污许可证制度为基础的政策整合对现有点源排放控制政策进行了修改、补充和改进,将其整合为一个系统的点源排放控制政策体系,使各级管理部门可以各司其职,协调合作;协调整合不同类型的政策手段,使命令控制、经济激励和劝说鼓励3类手段相互补充,进一步提高政策执行效率,降低政策执行成本,提高排放控制政策效果、效率,降低执法和守法成本。There are lots of water pollution prevention and control policies in China,including environmental impact assessment, ＂three simultaneous＂ system and pollution discharge fee system. These policies, however, being independent and dispersed, without the core and fundamental policy, are neither systematic nor efficient. From the perspective that the discharge permit system is served as a law enforcement file by government, this article integrated point source emission control policies into a coordinated operation around the discharge permit system. Since China has possessed the basis to implement the discharge permit system, the systematic policies integration based on the discharge permit system was expected to make modification, complement and improvement for present point source emission control policies, so that all administrators could perform their roles and cooperate with each other well. Meanwhile,the coordination and integration of various policy tools could mutually reinforce the individual policies named command and control, economic incentives, persuasion and encouragement, so as to increase the efficiency and decrease the cost of policy implementation, improve the effectiveness and efficiency of emission control policies, and reduce the cost of law enforcement and observation.

关 键 词：排污许可证 点源排放控制 政策整合 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]