少数民族地区0-3岁儿童母亲妇幼保健知识及影响因素分析  

Analysis on maternal and child health care knowledge and influencing factors among the mothers with children under three years old in ethnic minority areas

作　　者：龚双燕[1] 王晖[1] 刘鸿雁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人口与发展研究中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2015年第5期739-741,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：联合国-西班牙千年发展目标基金〔CHN7R22A〕;"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"人口与发展数学模型与综合决策支持系统"课题〔2012BAI40B01〕

摘　　要：目的：了解少数民族地区0-3岁儿童母亲妇幼保健知识知晓情况,分析影响因素,为促进少数民族地区妇幼保健工作提供科学依据。方法：按规模大小成比例的概率抽样与分层抽样选取1 059名妇女面对面进行问卷调查,内容包括个人基本信息、家庭一般情况、妇幼保健基础知识。采用χ2检验和二分类变量Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果：孕期所需最少产前检查次的知晓率为38.34%。知晓“母乳喂养可以提高婴儿抵抗力”的比例最高（84.04%）,“初乳可以提高新生儿抵抗力”其次（71.20%）,“母乳喂养有利于妈妈健康恢复”的比例为69.50%,而“初乳可以促进婴儿吸收母乳中养分”的比例为67.52%,只有44.29%能正确回答添加辅食月份。不同年龄、民族和文化程度者产前检查次数的知晓情况不同,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,项目地区、文化程度以及孩子性别的不同其母亲母乳喂养基本知识知晓率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：重视少数民族风俗、文化、经济对群众妇幼知识的重要影响,充分利用现有资源,采用适宜有效的方式开展妇幼健康教育,进一步加强少数民族地区妇幼保健工作。Objective： To understand the awareness of maternal and child health care （MCH） knowledge among the mothers with children under three years old in ethnic minority areas, analyze the influencing factors, provide a scientific basis for promoting MCH work in ethnic minority areas. Methods： Probability sampling method and stratified sampling method were used to select 1 059 women, then a face -to -face questionnaire investigation was performed, the contents included individual general information, family general situation and MCH basic knowledge. Chi -square test and binary variable Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing faeiors. Resuits： The awareness rate of the minimal number for prenatal examination was 38. 34%. The awareness rate of the role of breastfeeding in improving infantile resistance was the highest （84. 04% ）, followed by the role of colostrum in improving neonatal resistance （71.20%）, the advantage of breastfeeding in postpartum rehabilitation （69. 50% ）, the awareness rate of the promoting effect of colostrum in absorption of mature milk for infants was 67.52%, only 44. 29% of the mothers knew the proper time to introduce complementary food to infants. There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of number for prenatal examination among the mothers in different age groups, with different nationalities and different educational levels （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, there were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of breastfeeding basic knowledge among the mothers in different project areas, with different educational levels and different genders of infants （P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion： To further strengthen MCH work in ethnic minority areas, the effects of custom, culture and economy on MCH knowledge among people in ethnic minority areas should be paid attention to, the available resources should be in full use, and MCH education should be conducted effectively.

关 键 词：少数民族 妇幼保健 知识 影响因素 健康教育 

分 类 号：R172[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]