气候变暖对烤烟气候适生性和大田可用日数的影响  

Effect of global warming on climate feasibility index and available field days of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：郑东方[1] 许嘉阳 黄化刚 许自成[1] 翟欣[2] 陈雪[2] 张雅杰[1] 王佩雯 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [3]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,毕节551700

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2015年第2期167-173,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司重点科技攻关项目(GY2012-06)资助

摘　　要：为了研究气候变暖对毕节烟区烤烟及大田可用天数的影响,利用毕节烟区1971—2010年的气候资料,分析近40年来毕节烟区气候的变化趋势及特点、烤烟气候适生性指数(CFI)和大田可用天数与温度的关系及变化趋势。结果表明:毕节烟区年均温一直呈比较平稳的上升趋势,增幅为0.38℃-10a-1;毕节烟区近40年年均降雨量为1 047.78 mm,大田期年均降雨量为527.03 mm,大田期降雨量随着气候变暖而逐渐减少;毕节烟区近40年年均日照时数为1 318.20 h,大田期年均日照时数为632.70 h,大田期年均日照时数也随着气候变暖而逐渐减少;1971—2010年间毕节烟区年平均CFI为0.62,且呈逐年上升趋势。日均温≥13℃初日随着气候变暖一直在提前,40年间提前了将近30 d,平均为7.5 d-10a-1;日均温≥18℃终日随着气候变暖一直在滞后,近40年间烤烟采收终期延后了27 d,平均为6.75 d-10a-1;40年间烤烟大田可用日数也一直随年均温呈平稳增加趋势,近40年间共增加了58 d,增幅为14.5 d-10a-1。气候变暖导致毕节烟区降雨量减少、日照时数变短,但烤烟CFI随之升高,有利于烤烟的生长,同时气候变暖导致毕节烟区烤烟的大田可用日数增加。In order to study the effects of global warming on the adaptability of flue-cured tobacco and available field days in Bijie tobacco-growing region, climate date for 1971-2010 in Bijie tobacco-growing region were used to analyze the trend and characteristics of climate change in the last 40 years. The analysis determined climate feasibility index（CFI） of flue-cured tobacco, the relationship between available field days and temperature and the trends of change in these factors. The results showed that average annual temperature in Bijie tobacco-growing region steadily increased at 0.38 ℃·10a^-1. The average annual rainfall in the last 40 years in Bijie tobacco-growing region was 1 047.78 mm, with 527.03 mm during tobacco growing period. Average annual sunshine duration in Bijie tobacco-growing region in the last 40 years was 1 318.20 h, with 632.70 h during tobacco-growing period. Sunshine duration gradually decreased during 1971-2010 in Bijie tobacco-growing region due to global warming. CFI increased gradually from 1970 to 2010, with a average annual CFI of 0.62. The start of period with average daily temperature ≥13 ℃ occurred early by about 30 d（average of 7.5 d·10a^-1） during the 40 years. Then the end day of period with average daily temperature ≥18 ℃（which is the harvest stage of flue-cured tobacco） delayed by about 27 d（average of 6.75 d·10a^-1） after 40 years of global warming. The trend in flue-cured tobacco available field days in the last 40 years steadily increased by 58 d（an increase of 14.5 d·10a^-1） with increasing annual average temperature. Although global warming reduced rainfall and shortened the sunshine duration in Bijie tobacco-growing region, CFI of flue-cured tobacco increased. This was conducive for the proper growth of flue-cured tobacco due to increasing available field days in the Bijie tobacco-growing region.

关 键 词：烤烟 气候变暖 气候适生性指数 大田可用日数 日均温度 日照时数 降雨量 毕节市 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]