连作对棉田土壤枯、黄萎病菌数量及细菌群落的影响  

Effects of Continuous Cropping on Numbers of Fusarium oxysporum,Verticillium dahliae and Soil Bacterial Community in Cotton Field

作　　者：刘小龙[1,2] 马建江[3] 管吉钊[3] 罗静静[1,2] 罗明[1,2] 麦迪尼也提.买买提 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆自治区高校农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆库尔勒市农业技术推广中心,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2015年第1期62-70,共9页Cotton Science

基　　金：新疆库尔勒市重点科技项目(2012-1-8)

摘　　要：采用选择培养法测定新疆库尔勒不同连作年限棉田土壤枯、黄萎病病菌数量的变化,运用PCR-DGGE(Polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis)技术分析棉花连作对土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响。结果表明,不同连作年限棉田的枯萎病菌和黄萎病菌量具有相似的变化特征,即在5~20年连作年限内,土壤中病原菌量随着连作年限的延长而增加,20年连作土壤病原菌数量达到最高峰;连作超过20年,土壤菌源数量开始下降。不同连作年限棉田土壤中枯、黄萎病病原菌的数量与发病株率呈显著正相关关系。连作棉田土壤细菌群落的DGGE图谱分析显示,连作棉田土壤细菌种群的组成、结构、丰富度均发生变化。连作5~40年的棉田土壤细菌种群Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、均匀度(EH′)和丰富度(S)指数均降低,且连作年限越长降低越突出。In this study, using selective cultivation medium to investigate numbers of Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahli- ae, conducting PCR-DGGE （Polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis） approach to analyze the diversity of soil bacterial community in the cotton field continuous cropping for different years. The results showed that continuous crop- ping cotton increased pathogen accumulation of Fusarium oxvsporum and Verticillium dahliae in soil. The number of Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae had similar change characteristics. With the extension of five to twenty continuous cropping years, the number of pathogen presented increasing trend, and the maximum was in continuous cropping 20 years; Over 20 years, the number of pathogen decreased. The quantity changes of Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae had significant- ly positive relationship with Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt disease rate. DGGE patterns analysis indicated that continuous cropping could alter the composition, community structure and abundance of soil bacterial population in cotton field. The simi- larity of bacterial community structure between continuous cropping above 20 years and less than 20 years is only 32%, and the components of bacterial communities in the cotton field continuous cropping for 40 years were separated from others. For cotton fields continuous cropping from 5 years to 40 years, the Shannon-Wiener indices, evenness and richness indices of soil bacterial community structure diversity were decreased from 3.659 to 2.0854, 0.9504 to 0.7083, 47 to 14, respectively, and the trend dropped obviously with increasing of continuous cropping years.

关 键 词：棉花 连作 变性凝胶电^(DGGE) 棉花枯萎病菌 棉花黄萎病菌 

分 类 号：S435.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]