处理微污染水的生物膜反应器启动及群落结构分析  

Start-up of Biofilm Reactor in Treating Micro-polluted Water and Analysis of Microbial Community Structure

作　　者：葛俊[1,2] 黄天寅[1] 王涌涛[1] 胡小贞[2] 庞燕[2] 滕庆晓 

机构地区：[1]苏州科技学院环境科学与工程学院,江苏苏州215000 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2015年第3期36-40,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07105-003)

摘　　要：采用分区曝气和分段进水的自然挂膜法实现对处理微污染原水的生物接触氧化工艺的快速启动。运行28 d后对CODMn和NH+4-N的去除率趋于稳定,分别为29.1%和68.8%。通过对挂膜期间生物相的观察,挂膜成功后,砾石表面覆盖了一层黄褐色的生物膜,其主要包括球菌、杆菌、丝状菌、原生动物(钟虫)和少量微型后生动物(轮虫),这标志着生物膜结构处于稳定状况。分子生物学检测结果显示,砾石填料在挂膜10 d左右即可形成较稳定的微生物群落结构,但氨氧化菌还没形成稳定菌群。挂膜成功后,生物膜上富集的细菌主要是贫营养菌,其中以有机物好氧降解菌紫色杆菌最多,优势氨氧化菌为亚硝化单胞菌和亚硝化螺菌属。The natural biofilm formation method with zoning aeration and step-feed was used to achieve the fast start-up of biological contact oxidation process in treating micro-polluted water. After 28 d of operation, the removal rates of CODMn and NH4^＋ - N were 29.1% and 68.8% respectively. The observation of biofacies during biofilm growth showed that after the biofilm formation, a layer of brown biofilm was developed on gravel, including coccus, bacillus, filamentous bacteria, protozoa （Vorticella） and a small amount of metazoan （Rotifera）, which indicated that the biofilm structure was in a stable state. Molecular biology revealed that after 10 d of biofilm formation, a relatively stable microbial community structure could be formed on the gravel packing, but a stable community of ammonia oxidizing bacteria could not be formed. After the biofilm formation, the dominant bacteria were Janthinobacterium, Nitro- somonas and Nitrosopira in the system.

关 键 词：生物接触氧化 生物膜 PCR—DGGE 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172