质量管理工具在血液报废原因分析中的应用  

Application of quality management tools in the analysis of reasons for blood rejection

作　　者：丽娜古力.吐尔逊巴依 文国新 

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]乌鲁木齐市疾控中心

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2015年第1期76-78,共3页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的使用质量管理工具分析血站血液报废的主要问题和原因,提高血站的质量管理水平,减少血液资源的报废。方法采用横断面的调查方法,对新疆某血站2013年血液报废的原因描述与分析。结果所有血液报废原因中,脂肪血和ALT不合格的累计构成比落在0%-80%,称为血液报废的主要问题,其余报废原因(HBs Ag阳性、梅毒阳性、抗-HCV阳性、抗-HIV阳性、血液不足量、漏袋或破袋、凝块血)的累计构成比落在80%-100%,称为血液报废的次要问题,并以鱼骨图法则分析报废的潜在原因。结论统计质量描述与分析是当前血站全面质量管理中有效的管理工具和措施。Objective To use quality management tools to describe and analyze the main problems in and causes for blood rejection in blood stations, in order to improve the quality of management level in blood stations and reduce blood wastes. Methods Cross-sectional survey was used to describe and analyze the reason for blood rejection in Xinjiang Blood Station in 2013. Results Among all reasons for blood rejection, cumulative ratios of blood fats and elevated ALT fell within the range of 0% -80%, primarily leading to blood rejections. Other reasons, such as HBsAg positive, positive syphilis, an- ti-HCV positive, anti-HIV positive, blood deficiency, drained and broken bags, blood coagulation, fell within the range of 80% - 100%, constituted the minor problems that led to blood rejection. The laws of fishbone diagram was used to analyze other underlying causes for blood rejection. Conclusion Statistical quality control and analysis are effective management tools and measures in the comprehensive management of blood stations presently.

关 键 词：血液报废原因 帕累托图 鱼骨图 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R457.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]