内蒙古主要湖泊水资源及其变化分析  

Changes of Water Resources of the Main Lakes in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：汪敬忠[1,2] 吴敬禄[1] 曾海鳌[1] 马龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2015年第1期7-14,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家基础研究项目(2011CB403301);西部之光人才培养计划项目(XBBS201106);王宽城博士后基金(20110491752)资助

摘　　要：通过分析内蒙古地区主要淡水和微咸水湖泊的水量、水质状况,对近50 a来不同类型湖泊变化特征及其原因进行了分析。研究表明:呼伦湖的水量最大,达52.1×108m3;哈素海水量最小,仅0.18×108m3。哈素海为淡水湖,矿化度仅0.6 g·L-1,其余湖泊均为微咸水湖,其中达里诺尔湖矿化度最高,达6.1 g·L-1,水化学类型主要为Cl--Na+,与乌梁素海、岱海和红碱淖相同。哈素海的水化学类型主要为Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO-3-SO2-4;而呼伦湖为HCO-3-Na+。内蒙古地区湖泊总体上呈现出水位下降、面积收缩小、水量减少、水体咸化的特征。湖泊水质变化与湖泊水量变化具有明显的对应关系,湖泊水量增加水体淡化,反之咸化。淡水湖泊哈素海水质基本稳定;呼伦湖、岱海、达里诺尔湖和红碱淖水体矿化度升高较快;而乌梁素海由于受水利工程与农业灌溉等的影响,湖泊水量较为稳定,但水体矿化度呈明显的上升趋势。From 2008 to 2009,we selected six main freshwater and brackish-water lakes in Inner Mongolia as study objectives to investigate the changes of these lakes and the impact factors for a fifty-year period since 1970＇s.Combined with Landsat image interpretation and field work conducted in 2008 and 2009,the study analyzed the dynamic changes of the volume and the water quality of the lakes. The results showed that Hulun lake ranked the first by the volume with a water volume of 52. 1 × 10^8m^3. Hasu Lake was the smallest one with a water volume of0. 18 × 10^8m^3 and was the only freshwater lake of the selected ones. The other five lakes were brackish water lakes. The salinity of Dalai Nur Lake was the highest among the five lakes,with a salinity of 0. 6 g ·L^- 1. The hydrochemical composition of Dalai Nur Lake was Cl^-- Na^＋type which was same as those of Ulansuhai Nur Lake,Dai Hai Lake and Hongjian Nur Lake. The hydrochemical composition type of Hasu Lake was Ca^2 ＋- Mg^2 ＋-HCO3^-- SO4^2-,while Hulun Nur Lake had a hyrochemical composition type as HCO3^-- Na^＋. In general,the lakes changes in Inner Mongolia presented a similar characteristic over the last fifty years. The lake water levels gradually decreased. The areas of the lakes were shrinking. The volumes of the lakes decreased while the salinities of the lakes increased and vice versa. Long-term trend of lake water volume and quality had a significant correlation with regional climate change. However,the spatial-temporal movements of the different lakes varied due to human activities. In the last five decades,the water quality Hasu Lake was stable while the salinities of Hulun lake,Dai Hai Lake,Dalai Nur Lake and Hongjian Nur Lake were quickly increased. The water quantity of Ulansuhai Nur Lake was relatively stable benefited from the hydraulic constructions and agricultural irrigations. But the salinity of Ulansuhai Nur Lake obviously increased as well.

关 键 词：湖泊 水量 水质 人类活动 气候变化 内蒙古 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学]