天山中段南北坡典型流域基流及其影响因素  

Baseflow and Its Affecting Factors of the Typical Alpine Watersheds in the North and South Slopes of the Central Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：李倩 李兰海[2,3] 尚明[2,3] 郭玲鹏[2,3] 张飞云[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆干旱区水循环与水利用重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2015年第1期29-34,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划“气候变化对西北干旱区水循环影响机理与水资源安全研究”(2010CB951002);国家自然科学基金项目“塔里木河干流生态水文过程及其对气候波动的多尺度效应”(40871027)资助

摘　　要：采用滤波估算方法,对位于天山中段南北坡的开都河与玛纳斯河流域1958—2007年50 a的实测日径流资料进行基流分割,分析两流域基流变化特征。并利用两流域气象资料,分析气温和降水对两流域基流的影响。结果表明:两流域基流50 a来比较稳定,呈微弱的上升趋势。气温和降水在春季、夏季和秋季对两流域基流影响较为显著。气温对春季和秋季两流域基流影响均大于降水。气温和降水是开都河与玛纳斯河流域基流的重要影响因子,以雪冰融水为主要补给源的河流,气温是流域基流的决定性影响因素。Baseflow,composed of both groundwater discharge and land surface runoff,is an important component of streamflow,especially in arid areas. Baseflow accounts for a large proportion of streamflow and consists the entire flow in dry season. Analyzing baseflow is critical for water security,water resources assessment and investigation,water redistribution,and hydrologic modeling. The Kaidu River and the Manas River are two typical alpine rivers in arid area,which are primarily supplied by snowmelt and glacier-melt water from the Tianshan Mountains. The purpose of this study is to assess the change of baseflow and analyze the effects of meteorological factors on baseflow.Based on the flow records from 1958 to 2007 measured at Dashankou and Kensiwate hydrological stations,the baseflow was separated by using the digital filter method. The result showed that during 1958- 2007,the baseflow of both river basins as well as the baseflow index（ BFI） was slightly increased. A baseflow of 367. 7 m^3 was produced from each square kilometer of land area in the Kaidu River Basin in average,and of 449. 2 m^3 in the Manas River Basin. The effects of meteorological factors on baseflow were different in different seasons. Temperature affected significantly the baseflow of both river basins in all seasons,but except winter for precipitation. In spring and autumn,the correlation between temperature and baseflow was higher than that between precipitation and baseflow in both river basins. The correlation coefficients between temperature and baseflow were 0. 759 and 0. 753 in spring and autumn for the Kaidu River Basin,and 0. 763 and 0. 851 for the Manas River Basin,respectively. The results implied that the effect of temperature on baseflow was higher than that of precipitation in spring and autumn in both river basins,but baseflow was more sensitive to precipitation in summer than that in other three seasons. Therefore,temperature and precipitation are two important factors,and their importance to baseflow varies with seasons. In the

关 键 词：开都河 玛纳斯河 日径流量 基流 滤波估算法 气温 降水 天山中段 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]