气温与降水形态关系研究--以开都河流域为例  

Relationships between Temperature and Precipitation Forms Based on the Data from Meteorological Stations——A Case Study in the Kaidu River Basin

作　　者：姚亚楠[1,2,3] 徐俊荣[1,3] 郭玲鹏[1,2,3] 尚明[1,2,3] 李兰海[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]新疆干旱区水循环与水利用重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2015年第1期94-101,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划“气候变化对西北干旱区水循环影响机理与水资源安全研究”(2010CB951002)资助

摘　　要：基于开都河流域4个气象站点的日平均气温与不同降水形态数据的统计分析,结合海拔高程探讨不同降水形态下的降水频次和降水量与气温的分布规律,以及不同降水形态的降水频次与降水量发生在同一气温区间的比率变化。结果表明:流域内不同高程站点的降水频次和降水量与气温的分布关系基本呈单峰形态变化,各个站点95%的降雪频次和95%的降雨频次发生在不同的气温区间,95%的降雨量和95%的降雪量发生的气温区间分别小于95%的降雨频次和95%的降雪频次发生的气温区间。降雨形态下随着海拔的升高气温越低越容易降雨,且降雨量增多;降雪形态下随着海拔的升高气温越低越容易降雪,但是降雪量却随海拔的升高,温度越高降雪量越大。随着气温由低至高的变化,降水形态逐渐由降雪形态转变为降雨形态,并且在转变过程中4个站点具有各自不同的临界气温区间。This paper analyzed the temporal-spatial distributions of different precipitation forms with temperature variation in the Kaidu River Basin and the ratio variation of precipitation＇s frequency and amount which corresponded to the same temperature range under different precipitation patterns. The results show that the amount and frequency of precipitation for the four stations in the basin basically presented a unimodal distribution with temperature variations. Temperature ranges for 95% of rainfall and snowfall occurrence were different. The results,based on the relationship between rainfall and altitude,indicated that as altitude increased and temperature decreased,rainfall frequency increased. The relationships between snowfall and altitude show that as altitude increased and the temperature decreased,snowfall frequency increased,but with decreased temperature,the amount of snowfall decreased. Ratio of rainfall to snowfall with temperature variations in the same temperature range shows that as the temperature raised,precipitation forms transformed gradually from snowfall into rainfall. The four stations have different critical temperature for the transformation from snowfall into rainfall.

关 键 词：降雨频次 降雪频次 降雨量 降雪量 气温 开都河流域 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426