一次暴雨过程云中液态水微物理属性垂直分布  

Vertical Distribution of Microphysical Properties of Liquid Water in Cloud during a Rainstorm

作　　者：李浩[1] 邓军英[1] 刘岩[1] 王文彩[2] 安静宇[1] 陈勇航[1] 何清[3] 杨莲梅[3] 丁逸洲 张萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620 [2]中国海洋大学海洋环境学院,山东青岛266100 [3]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2015年第1期161-167,共7页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC23B01);公益性行业科研专项(GYHY201006012);国家自然科学基金项目(41175026)资助

摘　　要：采用美国宇航局NASA的Cloud Sat卫星加载的云廓线雷达反演资料2B-CWC-RVOD和2B-CLDCLASS,以2008年4月28日发生在新疆北部沿天山一带的暴雨过程为例,分析云中液态水粒子有效半径、粒子数浓度、液态水含量等微物理属性的垂直分布特征。结果表明：此次暴雨过程中,云层分布在1-12 km高度,但云中液态水分布在6 km以下。云中液态水粒子半径的高值区出现在云层的中部,而峰值出现在约3 km高度处,云体边缘是低值区,且有效半径小于5μm的粒子在所有高度均有分布,占所有粒子的71.19%,在3-4 km高度层分布比例最大。大于20μm的粒子仅占1.27%,且集中分布于云中液态水中部2-5 km;液态水含量随云层高度的增加而有所降低,液态水含量大于500 mg·m^-3仅占0.08%,且分布在2-3 km;云中液态水粒子数浓度在垂直高度上存在明显的分层现象,云层越低,云中液态水粒子数浓度越高,粒子数浓度小于20个·cm^-3,占25.26%,且随高度的增加而增加,而浓度大于60个·cm^-3的粒子占12.28%,主要分布在2-5 km,且云层中部偏下处分布较多。Xinjiang is a typical arid and semiarid region,although the annual precipitation is only 165. 5 mm,flood and landslide caused by heavy rainfall are the main natural disasters. Therefore,the forecast of heavy rainfall is extremely important. Over the years,many researches about them have been carried out from different aspects.However,it was few to research the processes of them from the microphysical parameters of precipitation cloud using satellite data. In fact,microphysical structure of cloud affects the intensity and amount of precipitation. A case study on a heavy rainfall occurred along the Tianshan Mountains in north Xinjiang,China on April 28,2008 was carried out. Cloud profiling radar retrieval data 2B-CLDCl ASS and 2B-CWC-RVOD onboard Cloud Sat satellite from NASA were employed. The vertical distribution of cloud microphysical properties,such as the effective radius of water drops,concentration of water drop number and liquid water content,was analyzed. The results showed that cloud height was extended from about 1 km and to 12 km during the rainfall,but water cloud was distributed below6- km height. The proportion of water drops（ ≤5μm） was 71. 19%,these water drops were distributed all over the clouds,the maximum distribution ratio occurred in a layer 3- 4 km high. Liquid water content was in a decrease trend with the increase of cloud layer height. There was vertically an obvious stratification of concentration of water drop number,and the lower the cloud layer was,the higher the value of concentration of water drop number would be. The proportion of concentration of water drop number less than 20·cm^- 3accounted for 25. 26% and increased with the increase of vertical height,and that more than 60 · cm^- 3was 12. 28% and distributed mainly within 2- 5 km height.

关 键 词：暴雨 CLOUD SAT 云 物理属性 液态水 垂直分布 新疆 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]