失去的机会:1866年美国“南部宅地法”与黑人获取土地的失败  

A Lost Chance:American Southern Homestead Act of 1866 and Freedmen's Failure to Attain the Free Homesteads

作　　者：吴浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院历史学系

出　　处：《史学月刊》2015年第2期75-85,共11页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目"内战后美国南部农业现代化启动的困境研究:以乡村借贷制度为中心"(13FSS009)

摘　　要：内战结束后,为了解决美国南部黑人的土地问题,共和党控制的国会通过了"南部宅地法"。"南部宅地法"为广大黑人申请并获得免费的公地创造了一系列相对有利的条件。但是,由于大多数黑人长期深陷贫困,根本无力支付申请并开垦宅地的初始资本,因此,他们始终未能充分利用"南部宅地法"赋予的有利条件实现获得土地的梦想。乡村商人与种植园主的借贷剥削是广大黑人长期陷入贫困的深层次原因。联邦政府在推行"南部宅地法"的同时,并没有意识到借贷问题对于黑人申请者的重要性,因而并没有为他们提供相应的借贷扶持。对于大多数黑人而言,"南部宅地法"最终成为一次"失去的机会"。In order to resolve the land problem of post bellum southern freedmen, the United States Congress dominated by the Republics passed the Southern Homestead Act in 1866. The Southern Homestead Act created a series of relatively favorable terms for the black applicants. However, because the most southern freedmen were trapped into long-term poverty, they could not afford to pay for all the original capital of applying and cultivating homesteads, which further led to their failure to make full use of these favorable terms to realize their dreams for free homesteads. The credit exploitation by the country merchants and planters was the deep-seated cause for the long-term poverty of most freedmen. At the same time the Republic administration did not realized the importance of credit problem for the southern freedmen and did not offer any credit support for them, although it was devoting itself to enforcement of the Southern Homestead Act. In these circumstances, the Southern Homestead Act finally became a lost chance for most freedmen.

关 键 词：失去的机会 南部宅地法 南部公地 借贷制度 

分 类 号：K712.4[历史地理—历史学]