同一方言内部起点同高的两种降调——来自闽语惠来方言和赣语茶陵方言的个案  

Two Kinds of Falling Tones of Huilai Dialect in Guangdong Province and Chaling Dialect in Hunan Province

作　　者：金健[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学中文系

出　　处：《方言》2015年第1期24-31,共8页Dialect

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"汉语方言声调的感知研究"(12YJC740040);中山大学青年教师培育项目"声调描写与标调法的研究"(12WKPY29);中国社科院创新工程项目"方言语音与语法"的资助

摘　　要：惠来方言和茶陵方言分属于闽南话和赣语,两地方言都存在两个对立的降调:[■]43和[■]41。声学分析和感知实验结果证明:它们的两个降调在感知上是通过调尾音高辨调的;当整体音高处于一个较低的区域的时候,[■]43调声学参数的边界可以和平调的边界重合,但因两地[■]43调音高降幅的感知临界值高达4St,甚至5.2St,足以使之维持其作为降调的特征;[■]43调在感知特征上既与平调不同,又与[■]41之类降幅较大的降调不同,在一个语音系统中可以互相形成对立,描写上宜加以区分。A pair of opposing falling tones, [ ] 43 and [ ] 41, exist in Huilai dialect of Minnan cluster in Guangdong provice and Chaling dialect of Gan group in Hunan province. The results of acoustic analyses and perception experiments show that these two falling tones are distinguished by the pitch level of the tail-tone. When the pitch levels of the head-tone are identical, and if the difference between the pitch levels of the tail-tone is beyond 1 degree （five-point-scale）, the two tones can be rendered different. When the whole pitch is at a low level, the perception boundaries of [ ]43 overlap the boundaries of level tone. However, since the [ ]43 tone perception threshold of pitch descend in the two dialect is 4St, or even 5.2St, they still have the features of falling tones. [ ]43 tone, being similar neither to level tone nor to [ ] 41 tone which has a markedly falling tone, should thus be described differently.

关 键 词：声调 降调 惠来方言 茶陵方言 闽南话 赣语 声调感知 

分 类 号：H177[语言文字—汉语]