豇豆属食用豆类间的远缘杂交  被引量:10

Interspecific Hybridization Among Vigna Species

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作  者:刘长友 范保杰 曹志敏 苏秋竹 王彦 张志肖 程须珍[2] 田静 

机构地区:[1]河北农林科学院粮油作物研究所/河北省作物遗传育种实验室,石家庄050031 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出  处:《中国农业科学》2015年第3期426-435,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基  金:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09);河北省自然科学基金(C2012301012);河北省农林科学院青年基金(A2012060102)

摘  要:【目的】明确豇豆属下不同食用豆种间的杂交亲和性,为开展豇豆属食用豆远缘杂交育种提供参考。【方法】以绿豆、小豆、黑吉豆、饭豆、豇豆5种主要的豇豆属食用豆栽培豆种和Vigna minima、Vigna nakashimae、Vigna riukiuensis 3种小豆、饭豆的近缘野生种为亲本,进行豇豆属下食用豆种间的远缘杂交,并对"绿豆×小豆"、"饭豆×小豆"、"小豆×饭豆"的杂种幼胚进行幼胚拯救。通过调查杂交成荚率和杂种F1的农艺性状表现,分析豇豆属下不同食用豆杂交组合间的杂交亲和性。【结果】各食用豆种间亲缘关系的远近及母本的选择影响远缘杂交结果。除包含豇豆种的杂交组合外,其他食用豆种间正反交杂交组合均能够结荚,杂交荚和杂交籽粒的发育程度在各组合间存在差异。"绿豆×黑吉豆"、"小豆×Vigna minima"、"小豆×Vigna nakashimae"、"小豆×Vigna riukiuensis"4个杂交组合不存在受精前的遗传障碍,杂交成荚率较高,幼胚发育阶段存在不同程度的发育障碍,但均可以获得能够正常出苗的杂交籽粒,F1植株结实率降低。绿豆和饭豆间正反交均能够结荚,但绿豆作母本时的成荚率显著高于饭豆作母本时的成荚率,且能够收获成熟的杂交荚和杂交籽粒。F1植株高度不育,即使与绿豆或饭豆回交也均不能获得有活力的后代种子。"绿豆×小豆"、"饭豆×小豆"2个杂交组合不存在受精前的杂交障碍,然而在受精后幼胚生长阶段却存在发育障碍。通过幼胚拯救可以获得两者的后代植株,前者F1高度不育,后者F1可育,但结实率降低。其他杂交组合间存在杂交荚发育一段时间后干枯或掉落、杂交籽粒胚败育等现象,未能获得后代植株。【结论】绿豆作母本与黑吉豆、小豆、饭豆杂交更利于杂交荚和杂交籽粒的发育;黑吉豆与小豆、饭豆杂交时存在胚败育现象;饭豆作母本与小豆杂交经幼胚拯救可以获得【Objective】The aim of this study was to analyze the crossability of different Vigna species, which will facilitate the distant hybridization breeding of Vigna. 【Method】 Interspecific crossabilities were investigated among 5 cultivar species of Vigna, V. radiata(mungbean), V. mungo(black gram), V. umbellata(rice bean), V. anguluris(adzuki bean), V. unguiculata(cowpea), and 3 wild relative species of adzuki bean, V. minima, V. nakashiame and V. riukiuensis. Embryo rescue was conducted for 3 interspecific combinations, namely, V. radiata×V. angularis, V. angularis×V. umbellata and V. umbellata×V. angularis, respectively. The pod setting ratio of hybrid and performance of F1 plant were investigated to analyze the crossabilities between food legumes of Vigna genus. 【Result】 The genetic relationship between different food legumes and the choice of female parentinfluenced the result of distant hybridization. Except for cowpea cross combinations, hybrid pods were set successfully in the other interspecific crosses. The growth of hybrid pods and seeds showed variations in different combinations. No genetic disorders before fertilization were found from the hybridizations of V. radiata×V. mungo, V. angularis×V. minima, V. angularis×V. nakashiame, and V. angularis×V. riukiuensis. The hybrid seeds of them germinated normally, and the hybrid plants were fertile, but the fruiting rates were lower. The pod setting ratio was significantly higher when V. radiata was selected as female parent in the interspecific crosses between V. radiata and V. umbellata. F1 plants were obtained without embryo culture, but they showed complete hybrid sterility. No fertile seeds were obtained even backcross to V. radiata or V. umbellata. Hybrid plants were obtained from cultured embryos for the interspecific crosses of V. radiata ×V. angularis and V. umbellata ×V. angularis. The fertility of F1 plants from these two combinations was opposite, sterile in the former and fertile in the latter. The hybrid pods

关 键 词:豇豆属 食用豆种 远缘杂交 幼胚拯救 

分 类 号:S334.3[农业科学—作物遗传育种]

 

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