两性双子表面活性剂的合成及性能  

Synthesis and properties of zwitterionic Gemini surfactant

作　　者：吕斌[1,2] 高建静[1] 马建中[1,2] 范倩倩[1] 王泓棣 

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西西安710021 [2]陕西科技大学教育部轻化工助剂化学与技术重点实验室,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《日用化学工业》2015年第2期76-80,共5页China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(21406135);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2013JM2008);陕西科技大学博士科研启动基金资助项目(BJ13-16)

摘　　要：以油酸和单乙醇胺为原料,采用两步法合成油酸单乙醇酰胺。将所得油酸单乙醇酰胺与三氯氧磷、十六烷基二甲基胺进行磷酸化、季铵化反应,制得两性双子表面活性剂。以酸值和胺值为考察指标,采用单因素试验法优化得到油酸单乙醇酰胺的较优制备工艺为:1 mol油酸与0.8 mol单乙醇胺在N2保护下升温至160℃,反应5 h;再降温至80℃,补加0.25 mol单乙醇胺,恒温反应3 h。以乳化性和润湿性为考察指标,采用单因素试验法优化得到合成双子表面活性剂的较优工艺为:1 mol油酸单乙醇酰胺与0.7 mol POCl3在0℃反应4 h,再加入0.75 mol十六烷基二甲基胺,升温至65℃反应18 h。所制备表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度为7.88×10-4mol/L,乳化分水时间为680 s,润湿时间为35 s。Oleyl monoethanolamide was synthesized by oleic acid and monoethanolamine through two steps.Then the oleyl monoethanolamide was stepwise phosphorylated and quarternarized with phosphorus oxychloride and cetyl dimethyl amine to synthesis of the product zwitterionic Gemini surfactant. Acid value and amine value were used as examination indices for synthesis conditions of oleyl monoethanolamide. Based on single factor tests results the suitable conditions were identified as： 1 mol oleic acid and 0. 8 mol monoethanolamine reacts at temperature of 160 ℃ for 5 h; then reduce the temperature to 80 ℃ and make up 0. 25 mol of monoethanolamine for 3 h. The suitable preparing conditions for the product zwitterionic Gemini surfactant using emulsifying power and wetting power as examination indices were identified as： 1 mol oleyl monoethanolamide and 0. 7 mol POCl3 reacts under temperature of 0 ℃ for 4 h; then 0. 75 mol cetyl dimethyl amine is added at 65 ℃ for 18 h. The cmc of the product Gemini surfactant is 7. 88 × 10^- 4mol / L; stable time of emulsified liquid achieves 680 s; wetting time is 35 s.

关 键 词：两性双子表面活性剂 油酸 磷酸化 季铵化 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]