生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的处置及应用概况  

Review for treatment and application of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

作　　者：蒋旭光[1] 常威[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学热能工程研究所能源清洁利用国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《浙江工业大学学报》2015年第1期7-17,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology

基　　金：国家973重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2011CB201500);国家863高技术研究发展计划资助项目(2012AA063505);环保公益性行业科研专项项目(201209023-4);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助项目(B08026)

摘　　要：根据国内外最新的有关垃圾焚烧飞灰处理的文献,对飞灰的处理和管理策略进行了综述.系统地总结了垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术和资源化利用途径的相关研究,归纳出基于终端产品和生产系统两个层面的评价体系框架,以期为不同飞灰处置策略的经济和环保效益的评估及比较提供依据.飞灰的处置途径主要分为两类:一是稳定化后送入填埋场填埋,二是制备次级材料进行资源化利用.不同国家的飞灰处置策略呈现出多样化.相关的处置技术可分为四类:固化与稳定化、分离萃取、热处理及其他方式(如机械化学法).高浓度的氯盐(NaCl,KCl,CaCl2)、高质量分数且易于浸出的重金属(Pb,Zn,Cr,Cu,Ni,Cd)及痕量的有机污染物(二噁英和呋喃等)是飞灰进行资源化利用的瓶颈.飞灰资源化利用的途径主要分为建材(水泥、轻骨料、陶瓷、烧结砖)和其他材料(吸附剂、沸石、污泥、土壤改良剂等)两类,其中最具资源化利用潜质的材料是水泥、陶瓷及轻骨料.The present work reviews the latest published literatures about Municipal Solid Waste Incineration（MSWI）fly ash and strategies for its management in China and abroad.The treatment methods and possible applications of recycling as a secondary material were summarized.Assessment system framework of options for different strategies from both the final product and the production system was proposed for eco-efficiency assessment and comparison.Nowadays,there are basically two ways of handling fly ash：landfill after adequate treatment and recycling as a secondary material.The management strategies in various countries were remarkably different.The treatment technologies mainly may be grouped into four categories：solidification or stabilization,extraction separation,thermal methods and other methods such as Mechanochemistry（MC）.The recycling applications of fly ash and its products were limited mainly due to high quantities of soluble salts（NaCl,KCl,CaCl2）,significant amounts of toxic heavy metals（Pb,Zn,Cr,Cu,Ni,Cd）in forms that may easily leach out and trace quantities of very toxic organic compounds（dioxin,furans）.The possible applications could be divided into construction materials（cement,light aggregates,ceramics,bricks）and materials in other form including adsorbents,zeolites,sludge conditioning,soil ameliorant,where the most promising materials for recycling are cement,light aggregates and ceramics.

关 键 词：垃圾焚烧 飞灰 无害化 资源化 评价体系 

分 类 号：X773[环境科学与工程—环境工程]