北京市城郊地区农村吸烟者分布特征及始动因素的调查  

Smoking prevalence and initiating factors among rural population in urbanizing China

作　　者：侯小萌[1] 蔡柏蔷[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京协和医院呼吸内科,100730

出　　处：《国际呼吸杂志》2015年第2期127-130,共4页International Journal of Respiration

摘　　要：目的了解城市周边农村人口吸烟者分布情况和始动因素，为政府制定现代农村人口的控烟政策和控烟辅助医疗形式提供可靠的科学依据。方法选定北京市周边1个自然村，对所有≥10岁的人口用调查问卷进行人户调查，问卷内容包括吸烟相关的个人一般情况和社会家庭情况。应用SAS6．1统计软件对人群的吸烟率及吸烟始动因素进行分析。结果应调查人数1901人，实际调查1733人，应答率为91．2％。吸烟者621人，吸烟率为35．8％。吸烟者的平均烟龄为（24．57±15．06）年，每日吸烟量为（16．88±10．14）支。吸烟指数的中位数为17．5（23．O）包年。男性的吸烟率为66．2％，女性吸烟率为8．5％，大学以上文化程度吸烟率为27．5％，低于更低文化程度人群。中等收入人群的吸烟率为45．5％，高于较高收入和较低收入的人群。始动因素方面，前3位开始吸烟的始动因素所占比例从高到低排序为：好奇（33．2％）、同学或同事影响（31．0％）和社交（14．8％）。结论适合农村人口的防控措施包括提高农村青少年的受教育水平；加强公共场所和工作单位的禁烟力度，减少社会吸烟因素对青少年的影响；营造校区禁烟环境和氛围．力口强吸烟相关健康损害对年轻人的宣传，正确地引导青少年人群对吸烟的好奇。Objective To focus on the prevalence of smoking and smoking initiating factor among the most representative population in China, and provide suggestions for tobacco control policies to rural population,the major group of population in China. Methods All 1 901 villagers from one natural village in Beijing suburb were investigated. Face-to face survey was conducted to examine their information about smoking habit. Statistics was applied to analyse the smoking prevalence and smoking initiating factor. Results The response rate of this investigation was 91.2%. Among the whole 1 733 peoples, smoking rate was 35.8%. The average smoking age of smokers was （24.57 ±15.06） years. They smoked （16.88±10.14） cigarettes per day. Their smoking index was at a median of 17.5 （23.0） pack years. The group of male gender,secondary school or less education level, middle-income level had a higher smoking rate. Among smokers, the most common incentive factor to start smoking were： curious （33.2%）, influence from classmates or colleagues （ 31.0%）, social influence （14.8%）. Conclusions The appropriate prevention and control measures of tobacco control policies include increasing the level of education in rural youth ,strengthening smoking prohibition in public places and workplace, improving the smoking related health awareness in rural population,and properly guiding the curious towards smoking of young people.

关 键 词：吸烟 健康调查 始动因素 农村人口 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]